Download Mammal Structures for Gas Exchange Answers

Mammal Structures for Gas Exchange
(1)
Complete the table by describing how each of the features of the mammalian lung system
works.
Structure
Nasal Cavity
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Description of and how Structure Functions
Air enters through here. It warms and
moistens the incoming air so that the air will be
moist enough to prevent surfaces of the rest
of the system becoming too dry. The mucus
lining is covered with beating cilia that trap
particles entering the nose.
The wind pipe. A hollow tube with walls held
open by ‘C’ shaped bands of cartilage to allow as
much air as possible to travel.
Two tubes that branch from the end of the
trachea. They are also supported by cartilage
bands. They branch into many smaller
bronchiole tubes in order to increase surface
area.
Small tubes found in the lungs. The cartilage is
gradually lost as the bronchioles decrease in
diameter. They branch further ending in
minute air sacs or alveoli.
Minute air sacs that provide a very large moist
surface area for gas exchange. The moist
epithelium dissolves the oxygen which then
diffuses into the thin capillaries surrounding
Ribs
Pleura
Diaphragm
Haemoglobin
the air sacs. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the
capillaries, across the alveolus wall and into the
air space. The alveoli tend to recoil inwards
after each breath and so contain a surfactant
that helps prevent this as it decreases surface
tension in the lung.
Protect the lungs. Intercostal muscles of the
ribs contract and relax to help with inhalation
and exhalation.
Membrane that cover each lung. The inner
membrane is attached to the lung while the
outer one forms a tough lining for the pleural
cavity. The membranes are separated by a thin
space filled with fluid.
A tough dome-shaped sheet of muscle found on
the lower surface of the pleural cavity. When
it is lowered, and intercostal muscles contract,
it increases the volume of the chest cavity
pulling air inside. When the diaphragm relaxes
and moves up, the air is forced out due to the
decrease in volume of the pleural cavity.
A respiratory pigment that carries oxygen.
They may bind to several oxygen molecules and
therefore increase the capacity of the blood to
transport oxygen and deliver it to the tissues
for cellular respiration.
(2)
Draw a SIMPLE diagram (s) that can be used in the exam to show the lung system of a
mammal works.