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1 TUNISIA Img 1: Flag of Tunisia [4] Img 2: Map of Tunisa [9] Img 3: Location of Tunisia [10] 1. Introduction Rivalr y bet ween French a nd Italian interests in Tunisia culminated in a Fr ench invasion in 1881 and the creation of a pr otectorate. Agitat ion f or independence in the decades f ollowing World War I was f inally successf ul in getting the French to recognize Tunisia as an independent state in 1956. The country's f irst president, Habib BOURGUIBA, established a str ict one -part y state. He dominated the countr y f or 31 year s, repressing Islamic f undamentalism and establishing rights f or women unmatched by any other Arab nation. In November 1987, BOURG UIBA was removed f rom off ice and replaced by Zine el Abidine BEN ALI in a bloodless coup. Street protests that began in Tunis in December 2010 over high unemployment, corr uption, widespread povert y, and high f ood pr ices escalated in Januar y 2011, culminating in r iot ing that led to hundreds of deaths. On 14 January 2011, the same day BEN ALI dism issed t he government, he f led the countr y, and by late Januar y 2011, a "national unit y government" was f ormed. In late October 2011, elections f or a Const ituent Assem bly were held. The Const ituent Assembly is charged with appoint ing a new inter im government, drafting a new constit ution, and preparing f or legislative and presidential elections. [ 1 ] 2 2. Basic information 2.1. General[3] Original name: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah Area: 8,459,417 sq km Population: 10,629,186 (2011) Relief: Jebel ech Chambi (1 544 m), Shatt al Gharsah (-17 m) Geobioms: deserts, semi-deserts, subtropicall biota 2.2. Name: Tunisian Republic Capital: Tunis Location: 7°-12° w.l., 30°-37° s.l. Landuse: 17.05% arable land, 3.08% permanent crops, 69.87% other Climate: temperate in north wit h mild, rainy winters and hot , dry summer Political status [ 3 ] Established: 1956 Regions: 24 governor ates Integration: OSN, LAS GDP - per capita (PPP): $9,400 (2010 est.) [11] Goverment type: republic Time: GMT +1 HDI: 0.698 (2011) [2] 3. Maps skills Gulf of Gabes, Golfe de Boughrara, Jer ba Island, Kerkennah Islands, Atlas mts., Bou- Hedma NP, Djebel Chambi NP, Jebil NP, Chott el -Jér id, Lac de Bizerte, Medjer da River 4. Population and Settlement 4.1. Demographics 98% of modern Tunisians are ArabBerber, speakers of Tunisian Arabic. There is also a small populat ion (1%) of Berbers, living in the Jabal Dahar mountains and on the island of Jerba. The Berbers speak Berber languages called Shelha. 1% of European population consist mostly of French and Italians . We cannot f orget about Jew ish communit y, who are settled in Tunisia f or 2,000 years. In 1948 the Jewish populat ion was circa 105,000, but by 2003 only about 1,500 remained . [ 4 ] Img 5: Berber people [10] 3 Tab.1: Races of Tunisia Color/Races Arab Berbers Europeans 98,00% 1,00% 1,00% Tab. 2: Religion of Tunisia Religion Muslim Christian Jewish and other 98,00% 1,00% 1,00% 4.2. Religion Img 6: Arab people [12] The constitut ion declares Islam as the official state religi on and rewuires the President to be Muslim. Besides the pr esident, there is a signif icant degree of religious f reedom, a right wr itten in constitut ion. Christians are mainly Catholics (22,000) and Protestants appear less. Judaism is third largest religion with 1,500 members. Jewish people live mainly in and around the capital, remain lives on the island of Djerba, with 39 synanogues. [ 4 ] 4.3. Language The official language is Modern Standard Arabic , but Tunisian Arabic is the local vernacular and also considered Tunisia`s nat ive language. A local vari et y of Arabic is used by the public too. There is also a small minor it y speaking Shelha, a Berber language. French also plays a major role in the countr y f rom f ormer French occupation, despite having no off icial status. It is widely used in education, the press, business. Most Tunisians are able to speak French. Italian is spoken by just a small part of the Tunisian populat ion. [ 4 ] 4.3. Settlement Rank 1. 2. 3. 4. City Tunis Sfax Sousse Kairouan Population 728 453 340 000 173,047 117,903 Rank 5. 6. 7. 8. City Gabes Bizerte Aryanah Gafsa Population 116,323 114,371 97,687 84,676 Tab. 3: Largest cities of Tunisia [1] 5. Economy (agriculture, industry, services, transportation) Tunisia has a diver se econom y – agriculture, mining, manuf acturing, petroleum products and tour ism. In 2008 it had a GDP of US $41 bilion. It also has one of Af ri ca and the Midd le East`s highest per -capi ta GDPs. The industrial sect or is mainly made up of clothing and f ootwear manuf acturing, production of car parts, 4 and electric machiner y. However, Tunisia suff er f rom a high unempl oyment especially among young people. In 2009 Tunisia was ranked the most competitive economy in Africa and 40 t h in the world. Tunisia has managed to attract many inter national companies such as Ai rbus and Hew lett-Packard. Tourism accounted f or 7% of GDP and 370,000 jobs in 2009. First trading partner of Tunisia is The European Union – 72.5% of Tunisian imports and 75% of Tunisian exports. [ 4 ] Agriculture – products: olives, olive oil, grain, tomatoes, citrus f ruit, sugar beets, dates, almonds, beef , dair y pr oducts [ 1 ] Industries: Tourism, text iles, f oo twear, agribusiness, beverages [ 1 ] Natural resources: phosphate, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, lead, zinc [ 3 ] Img 7: Olive plantation [13] 6. Tourism Carhage Major urban centre t hat has existed f or nearly 3, 000 years on the Gulf of Tunis, developing f rom a Phoenici an colony of the 1 s t m illennium BC. It is current ly a suburb of Tunis, Tunisia, with a populat ion of 20,715. [ 5 ] Djerba Also Jerba or Jarbah, has 514 sq km and that makes Jerba the largest island of North Af rica, located in the Gulf of Gabes. It attracts mainly tourists by pr oviding luxur y ser vices. [ 6 ] Monastir Cit y on the central coast of Tunisia, in the Sahel area. Tradit ionally a f ishing port, Monastir is now a major tourist resort . [ 7 ] 5 7. Key studies Arab spring – Tunisian revolution Following the suicidal self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi, a series of violent street demonstrations through December 2010 led to the oustrer of longtime President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali on 14th January 2011. The demonstrations were caused by high unemployment, food inflation, corruption, lack of freedom of speech and other forms of political freedom, and poor living conditions. The protests contituted the most dramatic wave of social and political unrest in Tunisia in three decades, and have resulted in scores of deaths and injuries, most of which were result of action by police and security forces against demonstrators. Ben Ali fled into exile in Saudi Arabia, ending his 23 years in power. Img 8: Demonstration [14] Following Ben Ali`s deparature, a state of emergency was declared and a caretaker coalition government was created, which included members of Ben Ali`s party, the Constutituonal Democratic Rally (RCD), as well as opposition figures from other ministries. However, the five newly appointed non-RDC ministers resigned almost immediately. As a result of continued daily protests, on 27th January Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi reshuffled the government, removing all former RCD members other than himself, and on 6th February the former ruling party was suspended. Later, on 9th March, it was dissolved. Following futher public protests, Ghannouchi himself resigned on 27th February, and Beji Caid el Sebsi became Prime Minister. [8] 6 Img 9: former president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali [15] 8. Videos Tunisian Nat ional Anthem http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sWuILKvwpTg&feature=related The story of Moham ed Bouazizi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47d6fyaOjRM „Visit Tunisia after the revolution, where it all started!“ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E6qlKXHwyoc Tunisia, another side of the Medi terranean http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rfZe8IwPXHg Tunisian wedding song – traditional music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMmch8iTbWA Traditional Tunisian dance http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W29diXPoP9M 9. Tasks W hich country created a protector ate of Tunisia in 1881? 7 W hich group of Tunisian people speaks Shelha language? W hat is the off icial state religion? Compare Tunisian econom y with econom ies of other Af rican states. Descr ibe tourism of Tunisia. W hy is this countr y so attract ive f or tourists? Name causes of Tunisian Arab spring. References: [1] https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html [2] http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/TUN.html [3] http://www.zemepis.com/Tunisko.php [4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia [5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerba [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia [8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring#Tunisian_revolution [9] http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/africa/tn.htm [10] http://mathildasanthropologyblog.files.wordpress.com/2008/05/berbers.jpg [11] http://www.indexmundi.com/tunisia/gdp_per_capita_%28ppp%29.html [12] http://www.images-photos.com/Travel_to_Tunisia/Arab_people.jpg [13] http://www.topnews.in/law/files/olive-plantations.jpg [14] http://ceasefiremagazine.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/Egypt-Victory.jpg [15]http://s.tf1.fr/mmdia/i/88/8/zine-el-abidine-ben-ali-tunisie10388888faxow_1713.jpg?v=3 [16] http://girlsoloinarabia.typepad.com/photos/algeriapics/sousse_beach.jpg