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1.3 Unfamiliar Texts Terminology Abbreviation Abstract Noun Adverb Acronym Adjective Alliteration Anecdote Antonym Assonance Cliché Colloquialism Complex sentence Compound sentence Shortened form of a word. E.G. phone (telephone) Names idea rather than physical objects. E.G. love, hate, survival CompoundComplex sentence Word that gives the reader more about the meaning of a verb. E.G. Ran slowly New word formed using the first letters in the names of organisation or things. E.G. radar (radio detection and ranging) Word that describes a noun or pronoun. E.G. blue desk Conjunction Direct speech The actual words spoken by a character or person. Repetition of initial sound in a group of words. E.G. wild and whirling words Short tale to enliven a conversation. Emotive Language Language chosen because of its connotations. E.G. slaughtered rather than killed. A word or phrase used to replace a less socially acceptable one. E.G. passed away instead of died. The use of figures of speech like similes and metaphors. Story told by the person involved. E.G. I felt numb. Deliberate exaggeration for effect. E.G. I felt so good I knew I could conquer the world. Use of figurative or descriptive language techniques to create an image. A command. E.G. Buy now! Technical vocab used by groups of people who share a hobby or workplace. E.G. byte, mouse, CDROM Words opposite in meaning. E.G Love is the antonym of hate. Repetition or similarity of vowel sounds in a group of words. E.G. line/find A well worn or stereotyped expression. E.G. his better half A word or phrase used in speech but not formal writing. E.G. dunno, cop. Has a main and subordinate clause. E.G. Although the wind settled the rain beat against the window. Has two main clauses. E.G. The rain beat against the window and the wind howled. Connotation Contractions Euphemism Figurative language First person Hyperbole Imagery Imperative Jargon Has at least three clauses and verbs. E.G. Although the wind settled, the rain beat against the window and came in under the doors. Words used to join sentences together. E.G. and, but The emotional meaning or association of a word. E.G. Pig – dirty, smelly. Shortened words. E.G. don’t, can’t Listing Metaphor Minor sentence Noun Onomatopoeia Oxymoron Personal Pronoun Personification Point of View Pun Purpose Repetition Rhetorical question A list of examples or points to give validity to an argument. A very close and direct comparison, when one thing ‘becomes’ another. E.G. Conversations bloom all about. Has parts missing but can be understood. E.G. You going? Naming word. The sound of the word spoken echoes the noise described. E.G. bang, pop. Self contradiction for effect. E.G. ‘More haste, less speed” Pronoun that speaks directly to audience. E.G. You, use, we. Giving non human objects human characteristics. E.G. The wind danced in the trees. The angle from which the story is told. E.G. first, second or third person. Words which employs two meanings, a play on words. E.G. The cake shop owner sponged off his friend. What the text aims to achieve. E.G. entertain, persuade, inform. Word, phrase or clause repeated for emphasis. E.G. Martin Luther King’s I have a Dream speech. A question asked for effect not information. E.G. Can we condone the killing of innocent children? Rhyme Rhythm Second person Simile Slang Symbol Syntax Tense Third person Tone Verb Repetition of identical sounds to create a sound effect. E.G. let us weep for those who sleep. Patterns created in verse by stressed and unstressed syllables. Story is told like the reader is the subject. E.G. You walk into the room. A straightforward comparison. E.G. The applause was like waves crashing. Words used by a particular group that are not easily understood by outsiders. Informal. E.G. sick, emo Recurring image that has a universal recognised significance. E.G. dove = peace. Way in which words are organised into sentences. Time at which the action takes place. E.G. past, present, future. Story told by an outside narrator. E.G. He, she, they. Writer’s attitude to the subject. Words expressing a state of being. E.G. ran, sat. How to answer this section: 1. Read and annotate the text thoroughly without looking at the questions! 2. Do a quick PATMI about the text. (Remember to read the fine print to see where the text came from etc.) 3. Read all the questions. 4. Answer each question in detail using your own words plus examples where required. Follow a TEE pattern where possible. 5. Before moving on to the next question check you have done what it asked.