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King Saud University
College of Pharmacy
Pharmacognosy Dept.
PHG. 461
1st term Exam
Student’s Name …………………………..…….
Dr. Ali El-Gamal
Date: 3/4/1429 H
No……………
Answer the following questions:‫ األسئلة موزعة على ست صفحات‬:‫ملحوظة‬
Question No. I
Fill in the blank spaces
1- The word antibiotic is derived from …………….which
means against …………………..
2- Antimicrobial agents include both..………………………...
and………………....compounds and can be further classified
according to specific type of microbe being inhibited
into…………………………and ………………………agents.
3- ………………….sample is commonly employed in the
screening of antibiotics.
4- …………………produce about 85% of antibiotic while
…………………….produce 11% and only 4% are produced
by……………….…………….
5- Samples used for screening of antibiotic must treated with
…………………as an antifungal agent and with …….……....
as an antibacterial agent to inhibit the growth of interfering
fungi and bacteria.
6- Two important requirements for production of antibiotic
are………..…………….……………………………………and
………………..………………………………………...
7- Recovery and isolation of antibiotic from fermentation
media are achieved by……………………………………..,
……………………………and……………………………….
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8- Presence or absence of pyrogen can be detected by
………....................test for evaluation of antibiotic
9- …………………….. is usually administered for
symptomatic control in penicillin shock.
10-…………………is the only -lactam antibiotic with no
documented cross sensitivity in penicillin allergic patients.
11- ………………………..……,……..……………………..and
………………………are example for penicillinase-resistant
penicillins
12- Cycliztion of ……………...+………………...+……………
give a tripeptide which it is a precursor for the biosynthesis
of ………………….
13- Isopenicilline N reacts with phenyl acetic acid to
give……………………………..
14- Effect of DAOC (desacetoxycephalosporin C) synthease
or expandase on penicillin N give ………………………….
15- Four membered -lactam ring in penicilline is stabilized
by ……………………...……ring, while in cephalosporin it is
stabilized by…………….……………..ring.
16- The effect of alkali hydrolysis or -lactamase enzymes on
penicillin G give……………………….., while acid hydrolysis
leads to the formation of……………………….
17- Quntitation of penicillin G &V is expressed in terms of
…………………….units
18- Administration of Na or K salts of penicillin G in lifethreatening infection is achieved by…………………...………
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19- Antibiotics can be classified into several groups
depending on…………………………,……………………...…
and…………………………….…..
20- ……………………………………is usually a minimum
basis for rational antibiotic therapy.
21- Antibiotic susceptibility tests are performed either
by……………………………..or…………………..………tests
22- MIC means…………………………………………….
23- MBC means…………………………………………….
24- MBC may be important in ………………………infection
or …………………………………….patient.
25- The mechanism of action of antibiotic will determine
whether the antibiotic is …………………..or ………………..
26- Bacterial cell can acquire genetic material from other
bacterial cells through the process of ……………...,……..…..
and/or………………………
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Question No. II
Short account on each of the following:1- Allergic reactions to penicillins.
2- Different classes of - lactam antibiotics (illustrate your
answer by drawing structure).
3- Effective use of many antibiotic can be enhanced through
various manipulation in pharmaceutics formulation.
4- Four factors affecting the choice of antibiotics for any
given therapeutic situation.
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5- Mention three mode of action of antibiotics.
6- Three mode of resistant of antibiotic.
7- Empirical antibiotic therapy.
8- Two approaches to maintain therapeutic blood levels of
penicillin G.
9- Effective use of extended spectrum penicillin such as
ampicillin in some gram-negative bacteria.
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10- Side effects of ampicillin
11- The main side effects of cabencillin mainly attributed to
its structure.
12- Tazocin (zosyn)
13- Concurrent use of amidinocillin with other -lactams
might have a synergistic effect on susceptible bacteria
14-Two criteria for the effective use of -lactamse inhibitor
with Amoxicillin
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