Download Gizmo Lab Bohr Models 2014

.com
Name: ______________________________________
Date: ________________________
Student Exploration: Element Builder
Investigating Atoms and Drawing Bohr Models
Vocabulary: atom, atomic number, electron, element, energy level, mass number, neutron,
nucleus, Periodic Table, proton, valence electrons
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
1. What are some of the different substances that make up a pizza? _____________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What substances make up water? _____________________________________________
3. What substances make up an iron pot? _________________________________________
The Periodic Table is an organized list of all of the different types of atoms called elements.
Elements are pure substances that are made up of only one kind of atom. Iron is an element
because it is composed of only one kind of atom. Water is also a pure substance, but it contains
two different kinds of atoms: oxygen and hydrogen, so it is not an element. Pizza is a mixture
made of up many different types of substances, so it would not be classified as a pure
substance.
Gizmo Warm-up
Atoms are the building blocks of all matter. Atoms are
made up of three subatomic particles: protons,
neutrons, and electrons. The Element Builder Gizmo™
shows an atom with a single proton. The proton is
located in the center of the atom, called the nucleus.
1. Use the arrow buttons ( ) to add protons, neutrons,
and electrons to the atom. Press Play (
).
A. Which particles are located in the nucleus?
_________________________________
B. Which particles orbit around the nucleus?
__________________________________
C. Click the boxes that say Show element symbol and Element notation. Change the
amount of one particle at a time and watch how the number on the top right of the
symbol changes.
Predict which particle has a:
Positive charge?_________ Negative charge? __________ No charge at all? _______
Get the Gizmo ready:
Activity A:
Particle Inventory
 Use the arrows to create an atom with two protons,
two neutrons, and two electrons.
 Turn on Show element name.
Question: How can you find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in any atom
on the Periodic Table? (This is called a particle inventory.)
1. Observe: Turn on Show element symbol and Element
notation by checking the boxes. Two numbers are on the left
of the letters which are called the atomic symbol: the mass
number (4) and the atomic number (2).
How do these numbers compare to the numbers you see in the box for He
on the Periodic Table?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Investigate: Add or remove particles to see how the numbers on the left of the atomic
symbol change .
A. Based on changing the number of particles, which number on the Periodic Table have
you determined is equal to the number of protons in the atom? __________________
B. Based on changing the number of particles, what TWO particles make up the mass of
the atom? ______________________
C. Now that you know what particles make up the mass of the atom and you know how to
find the number of protons in an atom. How can you calculate the number of neutrons
in an atom?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
D. Turn on Show element name. What particle causes the element name to change?
_________________
Reset the Gizmo:
Activity B:
Charge of Atoms
 Use the arrows to create an atom with two protons,
two neutrons, and two electrons.
 Turn on Show element name.
3. Analyze: You can see in the example for Helium (He) above that the overall charge of the
atom is neutral (0) since there is no number to the right of the element notation.
Let’s investigate how the overall charge can be zero when there are charged
particles like electrons (-) and protons (+) making up the atom.
A. Add 2 electrons to the atom. What happens to the charge on the right of the element
symbol?
___________________________________________________________________
B. Add neutrons to the atom. Does this change the charge of the atom? ____________
C. Add protons to the atom until the charge becomes zero again. How many protons did
you have to add to make the atom become neutral (have no charge)?
_____________
D. Based on A-C, what causes an atom have an overall charge of 0 (neutral)? _______
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
4. Practice: Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions.
A. How many electrons are in a neutral atom of lithium? ______
B. How many electrons are in a neutral atom of boron? ______
Activity C:
Drawing Bohr
Models
Get the Gizmo ready:
 Create a neutral hydrogen atom (1 proton, 0
neutrons, 1 electron).
Question: How are electrons arranged around the nucleus of an atom?
1. Observe: Add every single electron available to the atom until you have used all of the
electrons. What do you notice? ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. Analyze: Electrons are arranged in orbits/rings called energy levels. The Gizmo shows all
of the first three energy levels. (Make sure to pause your Gizmo under controls on the
bottom left.)
A. How many electrons can fit in the first energy level? ___________
B. How many electrons can fit in the second energy level? ___________
C. How many electrons fit in the part of the third energy level shown? ___________
3. Compare: Look at your Periodic Table. The table is arranged in two ways. There are
columns that go up and down called “Groups” (or Families”) and there are rows that go
across called “Periods”. (Be sure to follow the row all the way across any gaps.)
A. How many different elements are there in the first row? ___________
B. How many different elements are there in the second row? __________
C. How many different elements are there in the third row? ____________
D. Based on the information in #2 above and here in #3, predict:
How many electrons will it take to fill the 4th ring of an atom? ___________
How many electrons will it take to fill the 5th ring of an atom? ___________
4. Observe: Click Reset (
). The electrons in the outermost ring are called valence
electrons. Create a lithium atom (3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3 electrons).
How many valence electrons are in a neutral lithium atom? ___________