Download Chapter 10 - Mrs. Gilbert`s Site

Name: ________________________________ Period: _____ Date: ______________________
Mr. Gatz/Mrs. Gilbert – Fall 2014
Final Exam Study Guide
Part I: Arranging Events in Chronological Order – Place the events listed in the box in the correct
order from the first event we studied to the most recent.
Spanish-American War
World War II
The Progressive Era
The Spanish-American War
World War I
World War I
The Roaring Twenties
The Great Depression
The Great Depression
The Roaring Twenties
World War II
The Progressive Era
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Part II - (Chapter Reviews):
Chapter 10 – “Becoming A World Power” (1890 – 1915):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #10.
Who Am I…?
1. I was the first President to be known as a trustbuster and a conservationist. (10)
- President Theodore Roosevelt
2. I was the President during the Spanish-American War, but was then assassinated. (10)
- President William McKinley
3. I was the President who tried using Dollar Diplomacy to influence other countries. (10)
- President William H. Taft
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important country, city, or territory in Chapter #10.
1. The U.S. added this as a colony following our victory in the Spanish-American War. (10)
- Puerto Rico
2. The U.S. helped to stage a rebellion in Colombia to get this project started. (10)
- Building of the Panama Canal
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept and/or term in Chapter #10.
1. Imperialism (10) – Policy of a stronger nation attempting to create an empire by dominating
weaker countries - economically, politically, culturally or militarily
2. Spheres of Influence (10) - Area of economic and political control exerted by one country
over another
3. Yellow Journalism (Chapters 9 and 10) - Media coverage of an event that uses wild
exaggerations
4. Dollar Diplomacy (10) - A foreign policy created by U.S. President William Taft aimed at
encouraging the investment of U.S. capital in foreign economies
5. Nationalism (10) - Pride, loyalty, and devotion to one's country
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Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #10.
1. Which are some reasons for the United States wanting to become an imperialist nation? (10)
a. Economic Factors: U.S. had an increased need for natural resources; desire to expand
markets (trade) and invest profits; and needed an outlet for its
growing population
b. Nationalistic Factors: Americans felt loyalty/devotion to their own nation and superior
to that of others
c. Military Factors: Advances in military technology; U.S. navies needed bases around the
world for taking on fuel/supplies
d. Humanitarian/Social/Moral Factors: Americans had a strong desire to spread
Christianity, democracy, and Western civilization (White Man’s Burden); also had belief
in Social Darwinism and superiority (Only the fittest nations rule and survive) – must
show others our way is the best way
2. What events led to the start of the Spanish-American war? (10)
- The Cuban Revolution
- U.S.S. Maine explosion
- Yellow journalism
- U.S.’s desire to protect their business/trade interests
- the Spanish violating the Monroe Doctrine by landing
in U.S. territory
- De Lome letter ridiculing U.S. President McKinley
3. Explain the Open-Door Policy: (10)
- A foreign affairs policy set by Secretary of State John Hay in 1899 that favored open trade
relations between China and other countries
4. Who revolted against the United States after we failed to give them independence? (10)
- Cuba
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Chapter 11 – “The Progressive Reform Era” (1890 – 1920):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #11.
Who Am I…?
1. A split in my party cost me a victory in the Election of 1912. (11)
- President William H. Taft
2. I was a Progressive Democrat who won the election of 1912 and brought many reforms to the
United States. (11)
- President Woodrow Wilson
3. My book, The Jungle, helped get the meat packing industry to clean up their practices. (11)
- Upton Sinclair
4. I was one of the early suffragettes who tried to win the right to vote for women. (11)
- Susan B. Anthony or Elizabeth C. Stanton
5. I was a radical suffragette who pushed hard to get the 19th Amendment passed. (11)
- Alice Paul
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important country, city, or territory in Chapter #11.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 11)
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #11.
1. Muckraker (11) - Journalist who uncovers wrongdoing in politics or business
2. Progressives (11) - Reformers, including Republicans, Democrats, and members of other
political parties, who shared the common beliefs that Government should:
be more accountable to its citizens, curb the power/influence of wealthy
interests, & be more efficient/less corrupt
3. Direct Primary (11) - Election in which all citizens, not party leaders, select candidates for
state and local offices in upcoming elections
4. Socialism (11) - Economic and political philosophy favoring public or government control of
property and income
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Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #11.
1. What are the goals and beliefs of the Progressives? (11)
- Government should: be more accountable to its citizens, curb the power/influence of wealthy
interests, & be more efficient/less corrupt. Some of the issues that called for change
included: Poverty, unemployment, harsh working conditions (sweatshops), and political
corruption. Progressives wanted to free the existing government of corruption and refocus its
energies toward guarding the welfare of workers and the poor
2. What issues do the following amendments deal with? (11)
A.
16th - Authorized Congress to collect federal income taxes (it enabled the
government to get more revenues from people with higher incomes)
B.
17th - Allowed direct election of senators
C.
18th - Prohibited the production, sale, or import of liquor
D.
19th - Granted women full suffrage (right to vote)
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Chapter 12 – “The World War I Era” (1914 - 1920):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #12.
Who Am I…?
1. His assassination in Sarajevo ultimately led to the beginning of World War I. (12)
- Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
2. I was the assassin that killed the visiting dignitary in Sarajevo that fateful day. (12)
- Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip
3. I was President during World War I. (12)
- President Woodrow Wilson
4. I led the Communist Revolution in Russia. (12)
- Vladimir Ilich Lenin
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important country, city, or territory discussed in
Chapter #12.
1. World War I aggressor nation who declared war on Serbia to start the conflict. (12)
- Austria-Hungary
2. The Zimmermann Note tried to persuade this nation to wage war against the U.S. (12)
- Mexico
3. The nation that experienced most of the Western Front warfare in both World Wars. (Ch12 & 18)
- Germany
4. The site of the peace conference held at the conclusion of World War I. (12)
- Paris, France
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #12.
1. Rationing (12) - Distributing goods to consumers in a fixed amount
2. Versailles Treaty (12) - A treaty signed by Germans at Versailles (the former home of French
kings) outside of Paris on the 11th hour of the 11th day of November
1919, which put an end to WWI
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Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #12.
1. Which nations belonged to the Central Powers and which to the allied powers? (12)
-
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Allies:
Great Britain
France
Russia (left in 1917)
Serbia
U.S. (after Russia withdrew)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Central Powers:
Austria-Hungary
Germany
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
Bulgaria
2. Describe the status of fighting in World War I before U.S. involvement: (12)
- Germany’s (Schlieffen) plan was to attack west and quickly defeat France, then attack east and
defeat Russia. This plan, however, failed because the war in France bogged down into trench
warfare when Great Britain came to France’s aid. Together, they were able to stop Germany
from advancing – stalemate
3. What were the reasons the U.S. decided to become involved in World War I? (12)
- Reasons include: U.S.’s cultural ties with GB and France, economic ties, German submarine
warfare, propaganda, Russian (Communist) Revolution of 1917, and the Zimmerman Note
4. What were some new weapons of warfare used in World War I? (12)
- Tanks, German U-Boats, fire-starters, machine guns, rapid-fire artillery, hand grenades, poison
gases, the convoy system, and the use of airplanes as fighters and bombers
5. What punishing terms were placed on Germany after the end of the war? (12)
- The Allies demanded “unconditional” surrender – Germany would have no say, nor could they
make any demands in the peace process. The Allies also demanded that Germany pay $33
billion in reparations (payment for economic injury suffered during a war)
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Chapter 13 – “Postwar Social Change” (1920 - 1929):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #13.
Who Am I…?
1. I was a Chicago gangster who made a fortune in running illegal alcohol during prohibition. (13)
- Al Capone
2. I was the most famous sports hero of the 1920’s (baseball). (13)
- Babe Ruth
3. My solo flight across the Atlantic made me a national hero. (13)
- Charles Lindbergh
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement describes an important country, city, or territory discussed in Ch. #13.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 13)
Section III– “Terms”:
Directions: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Ch. #13.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 13)
Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #13.
1. What political party were the presidents of the 1920s from? (Chapters 13 and 14)
- Republican Party
2. What issues did prohibition seek to eliminate in the 1920s? (13)
- Prohibition sought to: Eliminate drunkenness and the abuses it caused; eliminate saloons,
where prostitution, gambling, and other vices thrived; and prevent absenteeism and on-thejob accidents stemming from drunkenness
3. What issue did the Scopes trial address? (13)
- The issue of teaching evolution in public schools was debated
4. What was the Harlem Renaissance? (13)
- African American literary awakening of the 1920s, centered in Harlem, NY
5. How was the new Ku Klux Klan of the 1920’s different than before? (13)
- Through fundraising and publicity methods, the KKK revived their organization and rode around
at night violently attacking or even killing blacks, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and anyone
else who they deemed “un-American” in an effort to defend their own white-Protestant
culture
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Chapter 14 – “Politics and Prosperity” (1920 - 1929):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #14.
Who Am I…?
1. I believed that the “chief business of the American people is business.” (14)
- President Calvin Coolidge
2. I enjoyed strong popularity among the American people, but then corruption scandals, like
Teapot Dome, shed a negative view on my Presidency. (14)
- President Warren G. Harding
3. I was a revolutionary leader who brought Communism to Russia. (14)
- Vladimir Ilich Lenin
4. I used the assembly line to revolutionize American industry. (14)
- Henry Ford
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement describes an important country, city, or territory discussed in Ch. #14.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 14)
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #14.
1. Nativism (Chapters 11, 12 and *14) - The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or
established inhabitants against those of immigrants
2. Laissez faire (14) - Policy dictating a minimum of governmental interference in the economic
affairs of individuals and society - government should leave business alone
and allow it to grow
3. Communism (14) - Official ideology of the Soviet Union, characterized by complete government
ownership of land and property, single-party control of the government, the
lack of individual rights, and the call for worldwide revolution
4. Red Scare (14) - Intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas
Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #14.
1. What resulted from the new consumer economy of the 1920s? (14)
- Buying on credit, increased developments of electric appliances, and mass-media
advertising
2. Which industry was important in leading to more jobs being created in the 1920’s? (14)
- Automobile industry
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3. Which group shared the least in the prosperity of the 1920’s? (14)
- Unskilled laborers, African American migrants, and farmers/others in the agricultural industry
4. What were some danger signs that the Depression was coming? (14)
- Uneven distribution of wealth, rising debt due to credit spending, stock speculation (making
high-risk investments in hopes of getting rich quick), overproduction of goods, and hardships of
farmers and workers signaled trouble in the economy
5. On what month and year did the stock market crash? (14)
- October 1929
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Chapter 15 – “Crash and Depression” (1929 - 1933):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #15.
Who Am I…?
1. I was the President of the United States at the time of the great stock market crash. (15)
- President Herbert Hoover
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement describes an important country, city, or territory discussed in Ch. #15.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 15)
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #15.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 15)
Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #15.
1. Why did the U.S. fall into the Great Depression? (15)
- Unstable economy – National wealth was unevenly distributed, consumer goods were
overproduced, and farmers had been left out of the economic boom of
the 1920s
- Over-speculation – Speculators bought stocks with borrowed money (money they didn’t have)
and then pledged those stocks as collateral to buy more stocks
- Government policies – During the 1920s, the Federal Reserve system cut interest rates to
encourage borrowing. Then, in 1929, the Federal Reserve (fearing
over-speculation) limited the money supply to discourage lending. As a
result, there was too little money in circulation to help the economy
recover after the Great Crash
2. What happened to unemployment during the Depression years? (15)
- It rose significantly
3. What was Hoover’s approach to resolving the Depression? (15)
- Laissez-faire approach - government should not get involved/leave business alone. He insisted
the key to recovery was confidence
4. What happened to Mid-western farmers as a result of the Dust Bowl? (15)
- They lost their crops and land and moved west to CA (Grapes of Wrath)
5. What was the result of Hoover’s dealings with the Bonus Army protestors in Washington? (15)
- Hoover called in the army who used force to evict the vets out of Washington, causing many
injuries (and 2 deaths). The image of this ugly scene helped defeat Hoover in the next election
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Chapter 16 – “The New Deal” (1933 - 1941):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #16.
Who Am I…?
1. I restored confidence to America after the Great Depression by offering my New Deal. (16)
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt
2. I changed the role of a presidential wife by becoming active in social causes and helping the less
fortunate. (16)
- First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important country, city, or territory discussed in
Chapter #16.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 16)
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #16.
1. Social Security (16) – System established by the 1935 Social Security Act to provide financial
security, in the form of regular payments, to retired individuals as well
money for those with disabilities
Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #16.
1. What was the most famous line from Franklin D. Roosevelt’s inaugural address? (16)
- “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
2. List the three R’s of the New Deal: (16)
- Relief, recovery, and reform
3. What did each of the following deal with? (16)
A. SEC- Securities and Exchange Commission was set up to regulate the stock market
B. FDIC- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) insures bank deposits up to $5,000
C. NRA- National Recovery Administration worked with industries to establish codes outlining
fair business and labor practices
D. TVA- Federal project to provide inexpensive electric power, flood control, and recreational
opportunities to the Tennessee River valley
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4. What major New Deal program (agency) was declared unconstitutional? (16)
- National Recovery Administration (NRA) - formerly known as National Industrial Recovery Act
(NIRA)
5. What did the Glass/Stegall Act help to regulate? (16)
- The Glass-Steagall Banking Act of 1933 established a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) to insure bank deposits up to $5,000
6. What were some criticisms levied against FDR’s handling of the New Deal? (16)
- The new programs of the First New Deal failed to bring about significant economic
improvement and people began to criticize it, worrying that New Deal agencies were giving too
much power to the federal government. Also, the Supreme Court declared the NIRA
unconstitutional (because it gave the President lawmaking powers and regulated local
commerce) and it struck down the tax that funded AAA subsidies to farmers. In addition,
wealthy people opposed the New Deal because the Revenue Act of 1935 raised the tax rate for
the rich. Progressives and Socialists attacked FDR’s New Deal programs because they felt
these programs did not provide enough help to people. Finally, critics blasted the President for
trying to inject politics into the judiciary (Court-Packing fiasco)
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Chapter 17 – “World War II: The Road To War” (1939 - 1941):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #17.
Who Am I…?
1. I was the Italian leader who brought Fascism to Italy. (17)
- Benito Mussolini
2. I was the British Prime Minister who tried to make deals with Hitler to try and keep peace. (17)
- Neville Chamberlain
3. I rose to power in the Soviet Union by succeeding Lenin after his death. (17)
- Joseph Stalin
4. I rose to power in Germany through the Nazi party and being a threat to the President. (17)
- Adolf Hitler
5. I was the British Prime Minister who worked closely with the U.S. in developing a World War II
strategy. (Chapters 17 and 18)
- Winston Churchill
6. I was the U.S. President who would help see the U.S. through the war after the Great
Depression.
- Franklin D. Roosevelt
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important country, city, or territory in Chapter #17.
1. Germany signed a non-aggressor pact with this nation before World War II began. (17)
- Soviet Union
2. This part of China was invaded by Japan to break the peaceful period after World War I. (17)
- Manchuria
3. This country’s policy of appeasement with Hitler failed to prevent war in the late 1930’s. (17)
- Great Britain
4. The Nazi Party grew from resentment of the Treaty of Versailles within this nation. (17)
- Germany
5. This country’s Lend-Lease Program provided weapons and equipment to aid the Allied nations
during WWII. (17)
- United States
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6. The nation whose air force prevented Hitler from controlling all of Europe. (17)
- Great Britain
7. Hitler’s invasion of this nation caused the British and French to declare war on Germany. (17)
- Poland
8. This country was Hitler’s home country and was occupied without firing a shot. (17)
- Austria-Hungary
9. Part of this country’s land was given to Hitler by the British in the Munich Pact. (17)
- Czechoslovakia (Sudentenland)
Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #17.
1. Fascism (17) – Political philosophy that emphasizes the importance of the nation or an ethnic
group, and the supreme authority of the leader over that of the individual
2. Non-Aggression Pact (17) – An agreement signed between Hitler and Stalin, which
guaranteed that the two countries (Germany and Soviet Union)
would not attack each other for 10 years. By signing this pact,
Germany had protected itself from having to fight a two-front
war in the soon- to-begin World War II
Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #17.
1. How did Hitler feel about the Treaty of Versailles? (17)
- Hitler and the Germans felt anger and bitterness toward the Treaty of Versailles because they
were forced to pay $33 billion in reparations (money for war damages), an amount far beyond
their ability to pay and which destroyed their economy. Germany was also forced to give up
some of their land. In addition, Hitler and the Germans opposed the War Guilt Clause of the
treaty, which forced Germany to take full blame for the war. Germany never forgot or forgave
this humiliation. Hitler used the treaty to gain power because he promised to get back the land
and stop the payment of reparations
2. What nations did Hitler’s blitzkrieg take control of? (17)
- Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and France
3. When was the bombing of Pearl Harbor? (17)
- December 7, 1941
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Chapter 18 – “World War II: Americans at War” (1941 - 1945):
Section I - “Names of People”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important personality discussed in Chapter #18.
Who Am I…?
1. I was the German General sent to help in North Africa known as the Desert Fox. (18)
- German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel
2. I was the U.S. commander who carried out the plans to invade Normandy during WW II. (18)
- U.S. Army General Dwight D. Eisenhower
3. I was the U.S. commander who helped to invade Italy during World War II. (18)
- U.S. General George Patton
4. We were African Americans trained to be fighter pilots during WWII. (18)
- Tuskegee Airmen
5. My desire for a master race led to six million deaths in the Holocaust. (18)
- Adolf Hitler
6. We were Navajo Indians who created a secret code based on our language. (18)
- Code-Talkers
Section II – “Countries/Cities/Territories”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important country, city, or territory discussed in
Chapter #18.
1. The nation whose people turned on their leader and executed him before WW II ended. (18)
- Italy
2. Hoped to be the dominant nation in Asia and the Pacific. (18)
- Japan
3. The invasion of Normandy led to the eventual liberation of this land. (18)
- France
4. Was divided into four zones of occupation at the Yalta conference. (Chapters 18 and 19)
- Germany
5. Operation Overlord and D-Day are identified with this nation. (18)
- France
6. The first combat for American troops in World War II happened here. (18)
- French territories of Morocco and Algeria on the northwest coast of N. Africa (Operation Torch)
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Section III– “Terms”:
Overview: Each statement below describes an important concept/term discussed in Chapter #18.
(NONE FROM CHAPTER 18)
Section IV – “Questions: Major Ideas and Concepts”:
Overview: Each question below relates to major idea and/or concept discussed in Chapter #18.
1. What 3 countries made up the Axis Powers? (18)
- Germany, Italy, and Japan
2. What 4 countries made up the Allied Powers? (18)
- Great Britain, France, U.S., and the Soviet Union
3. Why was the U.S. called an arsenal of democracy? (18)
- "The Arsenal of Democracy" was a slogan coined by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in Dec.
1940, promising to help the British and French fight the Germans (who were taking over much
of Western Europe) by giving them military supplies while staying out of the actual fighting.
U.S.’s neutral attitude, however, changed in Dec. 1941, when Japan attacked Pearl Harbor,
thus drawing the U.S. into the war
4. How did the U.S. pay for World War II? (18)
- FDR boosted defense spending from 2 to 10 billion dollars. Also, FDR raised taxes and
borrowed money from banks, private investors, and the public through the selling of war
bonds to help pay for the costs of the war. In addition, civilians helped by planting victory
gardens and participating in recycling programs as well as engaging in conservation efforts
5. What was the Allies’ ultimate plan to defeat Germany? (18)
- Surprise attack on the western front - in Normandy, France (Operation Overlord)
6. Which battle stopped the last German offensive in World War II? (18)
- Battle of the Bulge
7. Which country suffered the most in losses of life and destruction of land? (18)
- Soviet Union
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