Download Shaffer and Kipp

Shaffer and Kipp, Developmental Psychology: Childhood and Adolescence, 7e
Learning Objectives
Chapter 3 Hereditary Influences on Development
1. Describe the basic structure of chromosomes and genes.
2. Compare and contrast the processes of mitosis and meiosis and explain how crossing-over creates
unique genetic patterns during meiosis.
3. Describe the process that will result in monozygotic twins and explain how this differs from the
process that will result in dizygotic twins.
4. Explain how an individual’s sex is determined by the pairing of chromosomes at site #23.
5. Explain what is meant by dominant and recessive genes, and trace genetic transmission patterns in
heterozygous and homozygous individuals.
6. Discuss what is meant by codominance of genetic traits.
7. Explain what is meant by a sex-linked characteristic, and discuss how these characteristics increase
the genetic vulnerability of males.
8. Discuss what is meant by polygenic transmission of traits.
9. Describe the major sex-chromosome disorders.
10. Identify the cause of Down syndrome and describe the typical characteristics associated with this
disorder.
11. Identify some of the major gene-based abnormalities and describe the disorders that result from these
abnormalities.
12. Describe three methods used for detecting genetic disorders during the prenatal period.
13. Describe some of the treatments that have been developed to optimize the development of individuals
with hereditary disorders.
14. Discuss the heredity-environment issue and the key concepts involved in behavioral genetics.
15. Explain how studying twins and adopted children can help to separate the contributions of heredity
and the environment.
16. Explain what information is provided by a heritability coefficient.
17. Discuss what is meant by nonshared environmental influences and shared environmental influences.
18. Discuss what is known about the role of heredity in intellectual performance, personality, and mental
illness.
19. Describe how heredity and the environment can interact using the canalization principle and the
range of reaction principle.
20. Discuss the three types of genotype/environment correlations identified by Scarr and McCartney and
explain how these genotype/environment correlations influence development.
21. Outline the main contributions and the key criticisms of the behavioral genetic approach.
22. Summarize how the four developmental themes introduced in Chapter 2 apply to hereditary
influences.