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virus
host
parasite
Tiny, non-living
particle that
enters and then
reproduces in the
body’s cells
bacteriophage
Organism that
provides a source
of energy for a
virus or another
organism
bacteria
Organism that
lives on or in a
host and causes it
harm
Virus that infects
bacteria
Single-celled
organism whose
genetic material is
not contained in
the nucleus;
prokaryotes
flagellum
Region inside the
cell membrane,
gel-like fluid
a small, grain-like
structure in the
cytoplasm of the
cell where
proteins are made
A long, whip-like
structure that
helps a cell to
move
The process of
breaking down
food to release its
energy
Binary fission
Asexual
reproduction
Reproductive
process that
involves only one
parent and
produces offspring
that are identical
to the parent
Sexual
reproduction
Involves two
parents who
combine their
genetic material
to produce a new
organism
ribosome
One cell divides to
form two identical
cells; form of
asexual
reproduction
cytoplasm
respiration
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Vocabulary Sketches
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conjugation
endospore
pasteurization
Process in which
one bacterium
transfers some of
its genetic material
into another
bacterium through
a thin, thread-like
bridge that joins
the two cells
decomposer
Small, rounded,
thick-walled,
resting cell that
forms inside a
bacterial cell
Food is heated to
a temperature
that is high
enough to kill
most harmful
bacteria without
changing the
taste of the food
Organism that
breaks down large
chemicals in dead
organisms into
small chemicals
Illnesses that pass
from one
organism to
another
antibiotic
Chemical that can
kill bacteria
without harming a
person’s cells
Infectious disease
Antibiotic
resistance
When some
bacteria are able
to survive in the
presence of an
antibiotic
toxin
poison
vaccine
Substance
introduced into
the body to
stimulate the
production of
chemicals that
destroy specific
viruses or
bacteria
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