Download Exam Study Guide semester 2

Honors Exam Study Guide Semester II
2015
Sister Ruth
Book Modern Biology 2006
Online Edition 2006
The Biology exam will consist of multiple choice, completion matching and
labeling items on diagrams. You will be using a scan-tron for your answers.
There might be one essay question.
You may create an index card to be used for reference during the Biology
exam. It will be checked at the start of the exam to be sure it meets the
criteria listed below. If the card does not meet all the criteria listed below,
it will be collected and you will not be allowed to use it for reference
during the exam. It will be turned in along with your exam. Making the
reference card is optional.
Note: The index card is not a substitute for studying for the exam. It is a
tool that you may make as you study, perhaps with key words or prompts to
help you remember ideas or details to help you think through questions on
the exam. Often the experience of making the card helps with preparation
for the exam such that many students don’t even need the card while taking
the exam.
Criteria:
1. Size: 4 x 6 index card
2. You can use one side only
3. It must be hand written by you in blue ink. Mechanically produced or
cut and paste items (text, diagrams or charts) may not be included.
4. Your last name must be written on the unused side of the card.
Chapter 4 Structure and Function of the Cell
 the cell theory
 the characteristics of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and examples of
each
 the structure of the cell membrane (color plate cell membrane)
 the location, function and description and be able to identify diagrams of
all organelles of plant and animal cells (know the cell chart)
 contributions of Robert Hooke and Anton vanLeuwenhoek, Schwann
 relationship between cell volume, surface area and growth
 compare the structure of plant and animal cells
 unicellular, colonial and multicellular organisms and relationship to
division of labor, interdependence and specialization
Study all terms for chapter 4
Diagrams: animal cell and cell membrane (Fluid Mosaic Model color
plates) Plant Cell
Chapter 5 Homeostasis and Cell Transport
- diffusion and osmosis, factors affecting rates
- passive and active transport and examples
- hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions and their effect on animal
and plant cells, examples of each of these situations
- endocytosis, phagocytosis
- ionic channels
- sodium potassium pump
Chapter 8 Mitosis and Meiosis
-stages of mitosis: what happens, what each one looks like, names of each
Phase; identify stages in diagrams
-cell cycle checkpoints
-purpose of meiosis, steps of meiosis, types of cells that undergo meiosis
-comparison between mitosis in plant and animal cells
-differences between meiosis and mitosis
-what diploid and haploid mean
Chapter 10 Nulceic Acids and Protein Synthesis
-Watson, Crick, Franklin – who they were
-structure of the DNA molecule, nucleotides, codons
-how amino acids are coded
-the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis
-type bases of the DNA molecules and which bond with which
-the replication process of DNA
- RNA: structure, types, how compares to DNA
-two main steps of protein synthesis: transcription and translation
where in the cell these occur and what happens in each main step; how
do transcription and translation from a segment of DNA
-examples of proteins and their functions
Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics
-who Mendel was and be familiar with his experiments
-Mendel's laws / principles
-the difference between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes
-how to do genetic problems using a Punnett square
-how to determine genotype and phenotype ratios
-what incomplete dominance is and how to determine the results of
crosses involving incomplete dominance
-dihybrid crosses
-the difference between a gene, chromosome and allele
-the genotypes of ABO blood types
-how to predict the possible blood types of offspring using Punnett squares
Chapter 12 Inheritance Patterns and Human Genetics
-the difference between germ cell and somatic cell mutations
-when mutations occur most often
-distinguish between inversion, translocation, nondisjunction, point (gene)
and chromosome mutations
-causes of mutations
-sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited traits - examples of each and
how to do genetic problems involving sex-linked traits
-sex-chromosomes, sex determination
-interpreting a Pedigree
-difference between single allele, polygenic and multiple allele traits
-Codominance, sex-limited traits, sex-influenced traits
-how genetic disorders are detected; disorders caused by nondisjunction
-genetic counseling, amniocentesis
Chapter 51 Human Reproduction
- sperm and egg structure and pathways
- structures and functions of male and female reproductive systems
- ovarian / uterine cycle stages and functions of hormones that are involved
- male hormones and functions
- stages of human development
- stages of pregnancy and birth
Chapter 14/15 Origin of Life / Evolution
-how fossils are formed, dated and descriptions of types of fossils such
as imprints, molds, casts, and amber, carbon tracing
- law of superposition
-how homologous structures and vestigial organs suggest common
ancestry of species; distinctions between these
- Evidence for evolution such as: biochemical, embryological, homologous and
analogous structures
-Charles Darwin’s biography, and Natural selection /the name of his book
-the relationship between natural selection and evolution
-Lammarck – theory for evolution / acquired traits
-types of evolution: Coevolution, Convergent, Divergent
-characteristics of primates /anthropoids / hominids
-characteristics types of hominids (hominid chart)
Frog Packet
-study all diagrams, observations, packet questions, color plates
Chapter 18 Classification
- taxa levels: order and sequence (Kingdom, Phylum, Class etc)
- taxa categories for humans
- how classification helpful in science
- scientific names –how determined
- 6 Kingdoms, examples, characteristics of each
Microorganisms
-characteristics, structure, reproduction, nutritional
modes, reproduction for Viruses, Bacteria, Protists,
Chapter 6 and 7 Photosynthesis and Respiration
- Photosynthesis / Respiration Foldable
- understand that photosynthesis and respiration are complimentary
processes that drive the interdependence of plants and animals on
each other.
Algae / Plants
Characteristics and examples of Algae Phyla
Characteristics of Plant Phyla
Animals
-characteristics and examples of each of the Animal Kingdoms (Chart)
The following diagrams / color plates should be studied:
Cell Structure color plate
Hypotonic /Hypertonic situations
DNA molecule
Phases of Mitosis
Phases of Meiosis
How to set up and use Punnett Squares
Human male and female reproductive system
Anatomy of sperm cells
Frog Packet-color plates
Virus structure
Cells of bacteria, Ameba, Paramecia, Euglena – identify cells not all their
structures
Study the objectives and terms and color plates, review sheets, and hand
outs for the above chapters. Use review sheets as practice questions. You
do not have to study video worksheets. Don’t forget to practice genetic
crosses.
Note: You may want to try the quizzes and activities of the online edition of
the book as practice.
You might also like to check out the resources list provided for each chapter
on the Biology Web page.
They are listed below:
HO Virtual cell – resource for chapter 4
Chapter 5 Resource page
Chapter 8 Resource Page
Chapter 51 Resource page
Chapter 10 Resource page
Chapter 9 Resource Page
Chapter 12 Resources page
14 / 15 Resource Page
www.Froguts.com