Download Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring Program (CBMP)

Circumpolar Biodiversity Monitoring
Program (CBMP)
Approach for Designing Pan-Arctic Biodiversity
Monitoring Plans
Mike Gill: CBMP Program Officer, Environment Canada
McMurdo Dry Valleys Terrestrial Observation Network: An NSF
Workshop
Circumpolar Biodiversity
Monitoring Programme (CBMP)
• Arctic Council (CAFF) Program; Led by
Canada
• International network improving
detection, understanding and reporting
of Arctic biodiversity trends
• Focal point for current and credible Arctic
biodiversity information
• Bridging the information-policy gap
• www.cbmp.is
CBMP Objectives: Adding Value
• Monitoring networks coordinated, harmonized and costeffective
• Best monitoring practices utilized and promoted
• Existing data rescued and utilized
• Arctic people involved in monitoring
• Current, timely and accurate information on Arctic
biodiversity accessible to decision-makers, including the public
International and Strategic linkages
• UNEP Biodiversity Indicator Partnership
• Global Earth Observation: Biodiversity
Observation Network
• Convention on Biological Diversity
• Other AC Working Groups
Overall Program Design &
Organization
CBMP Key Initiatives:
Coordinated Monitoring
• Expert Monitoring Groups (EMGs):
– Marine, Coastal, Freshwater, Terrestrial
– Ecosystem-based, network of networks
– Forum for scientists and community experts
– Pan-Arctic, integrated monitoring plans
CBMP Monitoring Plans
• Based on clear monitoring questions & user needs
• Core set of circumpolar, plus regionally specific metrics
& indicators
• Ecosystem-based: Linked to relevant & multiple drivers
• Scaled monitoring (e.g. intensive-extensive)
• Simple & realistic: based on existing capacity & data
• Optimal sampling & partners identified
• Adaptive: able to adjust parameters & indicators during
start-up phase
• Establish baselines & assessments
CBMP-Terrestrial Plan
• Co-led by Kingdom of
Denmark and USA
• Background Paper and
two workshops
completed
• Plan is being drafted
• Release date Jan ‘13
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan –
Background Paper
1. Identify objectives of the monitoring plan –
What are the:
– Key science questions to address?
– Management objectives for this region?
– Reporting mandates?
2. Conduct an inventory/analysis of what
existing research & monitoring efforts & data
exist & how well they can serve objectives.
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan –
Background Paper
3. Define scope (spatial & thematic) - where
relevant, define focal areas for focused
monitoring & reporting
4. Develop and agree upon criteria for choosing
attributes, parameters, & indicators
5. Develop conceptual model(s) for the
ecosystem in question
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan – First
Workshop
• Goals: identify focal ecosystem components
(FECs), parameters (metrics) & indicators
• Using a scoping process (Adaptive Environmental
Assessment and Management)
– Form breakout groups – based on discipline themes
(e.g. vegetation, invertebrates, mammals, birds)
– Develop impact hypotheses (IH) and cause effect
charts for these focal ecosystem components
– Using the criteria & based on the IH & cause-effect
charts, choose the key attributes for each FEC to
measure & determine the most suitable parameters.
Examples: Conceptual Scenarios
Examples: Cause-Effect Charts
Group:
Drivers
POLLUTION/
CONTAMINATION
DISTURBANCE
CLIMATE CHANGE
OIL SPILLS
HARVESTING
FISHERY
HABITAT
ALTERATION
ALIEN SPECIES
8
10
7
15
23
19
6
11
9
FEC
SEABIRDS
12
14
5
1
4
30
13
2
REPRODUCTION
3
ADULT MORTALITY
28
34
32
29
18
DISPERSAL
33
35
21
31
DISEASES &
PARASITES
MARINE HABITATS
24
25
20
BODY CONDITION
22
26
TERRESTRIAL
HABITATS
FOOD AVAILABILITY
27
EXPLANATIONS:
CLIMATE CHANGE
1. Climate change affects sea ice distribution and features; water
masses distribution
2. Climate change affect snow cover, coastal erosion, sea level which
important for breeding sites
3. Climate change affects distribution, abundance and availability of
prey
4. Climate change affects distribution, life cycle and virulence of
infectouse and parasitic organisms
5. Climate change affects distribution of predators
6. Climate change affects phenology of dispersal and availability of
seasonally important areas
POLLUTION & CONTAMINATION
7. Pollution/contamination may increase adult mortality
8. Pollution may reduce reproduction success
9. Pollution may decrease body condition
OIL SPILL
10. Oil spill may reduce reproduction success
11. Oil spill may cause direct mortality
12. Oil spill may decrease body condition
FISHERY
13. Commercial fishery deplete prey species abundance, on another
hand, fishery can provide additional food source
14. Fishery can lead to direct seabird mortality in fishing gear (bycatch)
DISTURBANCE
15. Disturbance can affect reproduction success
HABITAT ALTERATION
16. Bottom disturbance may affect food availability for benthos feeding
seabirds.
17. Area claim and disturbance may reduce availability of suitable
breeding sites
ALIEN SPECIES
18. Introduced species may increase predation
HARVESTING
23. Harvesting increase adult mortality
PREDATION
16
EXPLANATIONS:
20. Decreased body condition may decrease reproductive success
17
21. Predation on eggs and chicks will reduce reproduction success
22. Seabirds stressed by predators may decrease their body conditions
24. Shortage in food may reduce reproduction success
25. Shortage in food may decrease body condition
26. Changes in distribution and availability of marine habitats may affect
food availability for seabirds
27. Alteration in ice habitats can affect accessibility of seabirds for their
predators (polar bears, arctic foxes).
29. Alteration of terrestrial habitat may affect availability of suitable
breeding sites
30. Changes in distribution of marine habitats may affect migration
routes and phenology, location of staging and wintering areas
31. Occurrence and types of pathogens and parasites may affect body
conditions
32. Occurrence and types of pathogens and parasites may affect
reproduction success
33. Changes in body condition may affect adult mortality
34. Body condition affects reproduction success
35. Body condition affect bird’s ability to disperse, and vice versa
movement distances and time can affect body condition
28. Changes in dispersal patterns may cause changes in composition
and frequency of pathogens and parasites
Examples: Conceptual Visualization of Arctic
Terrestrial Biodiversity Monitoring Scheme
Process for Developing a Pan-Arctic Plan –
Second Workshop
• Goals: identify sampling scheme, partners &
implementation plan.
– Using the inventory/metadata in Background
Paper, come to agreements on sampling methods
(spatial and temporal)
– Using the inventory/metadata determine existing
networks/groups that can implement
– Develop implementation plan (organizational
structure, budget, reporting timelines, data
management, etc.)
Example: Pan-Arctic Sampling Design
CBMP Output:
Indices and Indicators
Spatial distribution of marine population data
collected. The size of the circle denotes the number
of population time series from that location.
www.asti.is
CBMP Output Examples:
Arctic Biodiversity Data Service
www.abds.is
CBMP Output Examples:
Arctic Report Cards (Ecosystem Chapters)
CBMP Output Examples:
Multi-Authored Publications
CBMP Output Examples:
Assessments
CBMP Output Examples:
Predictive Models
Figure 12.
Comparison of
observed (A)
and predicted
(B) population
trends
expressed as
average rates
of change, for
terrestrial data
only. The term
lambda means
rate of change.
Lessons Learned
• Be relevant - Clearly articulate objectives, questions
& reporting mandates & design plan around these
• Art of the Possible: build a simple plan based on
existing/anticipated capacity & data (don’t forget
existing data!) & start small
• Budget for Data Management, Analysis & Reporting:
plan & agree on data management approach early in
process & use new technologies (distributed data
networks)
Lessons Learned
• Meet annually (at least) to ensure implementation
is happening, allow for adjustments to the plan &
have performance measures
• Build flexibility and adapt – remember you are
guessing on what are the key elements of the
system to monitor (time will tell)
• Involve managers & funders in the development
• Show value of integration through early results:
– Develop early, targeted products for
policy makers, scientists and the public
Thank you
For more information
please visit:
www.cbmp.is
www.caff.is
Photos by
Carsten Egevang/ ARC-PIC.com
Shutterstock.com/Larry Mauer
Shutterstock.com/Oksana Perkins
Shutterstock.com/Erkki & Hanna
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Questions To Focus On
• With our ‘clients’ in mind…
– In 10 Years, what do we want to be able to say about
Antarctic Terrestrial Ecosystems? What elements of the
system should we be tracking?
– Therefore, what are the priority indicators to develop?
– What data will we need (e.g. What parameters to
measure?)
– What driver data is needed to allow us to interpret
these trends?
– What conceptual framework should we use to ensure
the system is well covered?
Questions To Focus On
• What existing data and networks do we have
that can help us begin to report?
• What new networks (filling gaps) would we
need?
• What trends may the plan be unable to detect?
Questions to Focus On
• Where should we be sampling? How frequently? (e.g. power
analysis)
• What organizational structure will we need to organise the
relevant networks and stations to form and implement an
integrated Arctic biodiversity monitoring plan?
• What resources will be required to implement the monitoring
plan?
• What critical gaps remain, and what approaches should be
considered to fill these?