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Skeletal System Notes
Part A: Introduction
1. Parts of the Skeletal system:
a.
b.
c.
d.
2. Subdivision of the skeletal system
a.
b.
3. Functions of Bone
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4. The human adult skeleton has _______ bones.
5. Two Types of bone tissue
a.
b.
6. Four Types of bones (be sure to list a couple examples)
a.
b.
c.
d.
Discussion Questions
Please respond thoughtfully to the following questions. Your answers should be specific,
concrete, and require thought on your part.
1. What is the advantage of having a skeletal system instead of an exoskeleton like that of most insects and
crustaceans?
2. Bones are very much alive. They are constantly being remodeled,
repaired, and strengthened yet they have long been seen as a symbol
of death (skull and crossbones, Halloween skeletons, etc). Is this a
case of ignorance on the part of the general public or something else?
Part B: Macro & Micro Anatomy of Bone
Bone is the perfect balance of __________ and _____________. No other material can match toughness of bone
for its weight.
Macro Anatomy of Bone
1. Epiphysis
2. Epiphyseal Line
3. Diaphysis
4. Medullary Cavity
5. Periosteum
Types of Bone Cells
1.
2.
3.
Bone remodeling is performed by both _________________ and ________________.
Bone Structure
1.
2.
Haversian Canal
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lamellae
Please label the parts
of the bone
Please label the following parts of bone in the diagram and photograph
Haversian Canal
Part C:
Lacuna
Osteocyte
Lamella
Osteon
Volkman’s Canal
Bone
Repair and Growth
See pg. 140-143
Bone is formed from a template of __________________________.
Cartilage can be found in the following places:
List and briefly describe the six types of fractures
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
6.
Four steps of bone repair:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Please label the following terms in the diagram below
Fibrocartilage callus
hematoma
bony callus
bone remodeling
blood vessels
spongy bone
Part D: Joints
See pg. 166-174
Joints have two functions:
1.
2.
Joints can be classified functionally (by what they do). There are three functional classifications of joints:
1.
3.
a. Example:
a. Example:
2.
a. Example:
We will now take a closer look at each of the examples above:
Fibrous Joints



Bones united by _______________ ________________.
Irregular edges of bone interlock and are bound by _________________ tissue. Allows virtually ____
movement
Examples:
Cartilaginous Joints



Bones connected by _______________
Immoveable or ________________ moveable.
Examples:
Synovial Joints



Articulating (joining) bones are separated by a _____________filled with ________________fluid.
________________moveable joint.
Examples:
Part D The Pelvic Girdle
Formed by two ______________ bones (common name) which are each composed of three fused bones:
1.
2.
3.
It is important that the pelvis is strong because the entire weight of the ____________ ______________ rests
on it.
The pelvic bones protect several organs:
1.
2.
3.
Gender Differences of the Pelvis:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
The female ______________ is more circular.
The female pelvis as a whole is _____________________ and the bones are lighter and thinner.
The female ilia flare more _________________________.
The female sacrum is _______________________and less ________________________.
The female ischial spines are ______________________and ____________________apart.
The female pubic arch is more __________________.
Use the information above to identify which of the pelvic bones below is male and which is female.
Please label the differences as outlined above.