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Chapter Three Introduction to Triads and Seventh Chords Triads Tertian: built of 3rds chords Triad: fundamental tertian, o Three-note chord o Consisting of a 5th divided into two superimposed 3rds o 4 possible ways Augmented: +5(M3+M3), Major: P5(M3+m3), Minor: P5(m3+M3) Diminished: °5(m3+m3) o Root, third, fifth Seventh Chords Four-note chord Extend a tertian triad by adding another 3rd on top of the 5th of the triad Interval between the root and the added note is some kind of 7th (major, minor, diminished) o Major seventh (M7) : major triad + major 7th o Major-minor seventh (Mn7) : major triad + minor 7th o Minor seventh (mm7) : minor triad + minor 7th o Half-diminished 7th (ᶲ7): diminished triad + minor 7th o Diminished seventh (°7): diminished triad + diminished 7th Inversion Chords Triad Root position Any part of a chord might appear as the lowest tone Root position, first inversion ( 63 or just 6), second inversion ( 64 ) Seventh Chord Root position Root position (7), first inversion ( 65 ) , second inversion ( 43 ), third inversion ( 42 ) Inversion Symbols and Figure Bass Analyzing music using numbers derived from the Baroque (1600-1750) system called figured bass or thoroughbass Keyboard player in an ensemble read from a part consisting only of a bass line and some symbols indicating the chord to be played above each bass note The symbols consisted basically of numbers representing intervals above the bass Notes could actually be played in any octave above the bass Baroque keyboardist reading the figured bass followed the key signature Root position triad might be major, minor or diminished Accidental next to an arabic numeral in the figured bass could be used to raise or lower a note (e.g. 7b, #) Horizontal line mean to keep the same note of chord (e.g. 53 −6 means to use the same bass note for a root position triad followed by one in first inversion) Bass-position symbols (e.g. I 6 or V65 ) Lead-Sheet Symbols Sometimes called pop symbols Developed for use in jazz and 20th and 21st centuries popular music Facilitated the notation process and served to provide sufficient information to allow the performer to improvise within certain bounds Lead-sheet symbols appear along with a melody Indicate the chords that are to be constructed below C6 means a C triad with an added M6 above the root Slash chord notation: C/G mean C major triad over a Gin the bass (second inversion) Frequently differ from one edition to the next F#m7(b 5)/C means F# minor seventh chord over a C in the bass line with a lower fifth of the chord (C#-C♮)