Download Semester 1 Exam Study Guide Stars ESS1-1 1. HS-ESS1

Semester 1 Exam Study Guide
Stars ESS1-1
1. HS-ESS1-1 Theoretical work predicts that during a supernova, the star’s interior condenses into a very hot objects
called _______.
A) planetary nebulas B) black dwarfs C) white dwarfs D) neutron stars E) black holes
2) HS-ESS1-1 The name applied to concentrations of interstellar matter that glow when it is close to very hot stars is
________.
A) granules
B) prominences C) nebulas D) quasars
E) plages
3) HS-ESS1-1 A collapsing cloud of gas and dust destined to become a star is _________?
A) nebula
B) main-sequence stage C) protostar D) globular clusters
4) HS-ESS1-1 Most stars are in this stage of evolution.
A) red giant B) black hole C) main-sequence star
D) white dwarf
5) HS-ESS1-1 As _____________ shrinks, gravitational energy is converted into energy of motion, or heat energy, and the
mass of contracting gases slowly heats up.
A) interstellar clouds B) quasars
C) solar winds D) milky way galaxies E) plages
6) HS-ESS1-1 The most dense stars known to exist are ________.
A) red dwarfs B) white dwarfs C) black holes D) neutron stars
7) HS-ESS1-1 The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun is a ________.
A) red giant B) black hole C) main-sequence star D) white dwarf
Light ESS1-2
8) HS-ESS1-2 Which of the following colors has the longest wavelength?
A) violet
B) red C) orange
D) green
E) blue
9) HS-ESS1-2 The type of spectrum produced by a common light bulb is a ________.
A) bright-line (emission) spectrum
B) dark-line (absorption) spectrum
C) continuous spectrum
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
10) HS-ESS1-2 The spectra of most stars are of this type.
A) continuous spectrum
B) bright-line (emission) spectrum
C) dark-line (absorption) spectrum
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
11) HS-ESS1-2 As the temperature of a radiating surface is increased ________.
A) the total amount of energy emitted increases
B) a larger portion of the energy is radiated at longer wavelengths
C) a larger portion of the energy is radiated at shorter wavelengths
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
12) HS-ESS1-2 To determine whether a celestial body is approaching or receding from Earth, astronomers employ
________.
A) telescopic imaging
B) the Stefan-Boltzmann law
C) high speed radar
D) the Doppler principle
E) Einstein's equation
13) HS-ESS1-1 A star produces energy by converting ________.
A) carbon monoxide to oxygen nuclei
B) oxygen nuclei to nitrogen nuclei
C) helium nuclei to hydrogen nuclei
D) oxygen nuclei to carbon dioxide
E) hydrogen nuclei to helium nuclei
14) HS-ESS1-1 Theoretical work predicts that during a supernova, the star’s interior condenses into a very hot objects
called _______.
A) planetary nebulas B) black dwarfs C) white dwarfs D) neutron stars E) black holes
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions ESS1-3
15) HS-ESS1-3 The generation of all the elements on the periodic table up to number 26, iron happen during this type of
reaction.
A) chemical
B) endothermic C) physical
D) supernova E) exothermic
16) HS-ESS1-3 Elements produced by a star heavier than iron on the periodic table happen after this kind of reaction.
A) exothermic B) hydrogen burning C) endothermic D) Panorama
Kepler’s Laws ESS1-4
17) HS-ESS1-4 What does Kepler’s first law say about planetary orbits?
A) They have retrograde motion.
B) They are elliptical in shape.
C) They are geocentric.
D) The farther the foci are, the more circular the orbit is.
18) HS-ESS1-4 Which one of Kepler’s Laws said that a planet sweeps out equal amounts of area in equal amounts of
time?
A) 4th law-Law of Equal Time
B) 3rd law-Law of Orbital Period
C) 2nd law-Law of Equal Areas
D) 1st law-Law of Retrograde Motion
19) HS-ESS1-4 What is an astronomical unit (AU)?
A) Earth’s average distance from the Sun
C) Earth’s average perihelion distance
B) Earth’s average aphelion distance
D) Earth’s orbital eccentricity
20) HS-ESS1-4 An oval shape that is centered on two points is called a/an:
A) semi major axis
B) major axis
C) perihelion
D) ellipse
21) HS-ESS1-4 The shape of a planet’s elliptical orbit is defined by:
A) eccentricity
B) major axis
C) perihelion
D) ellipse
22) HS-ESS1-4 An eccentricity of 0.09 is ___________ elliptical than 0.02.
A) less
B) more
23) HS-ESS1-4 The length of time it takes for a planet or other body to travel a complete orbit around the Sun is called
what?
A)It’s Orbital Period
B) one Earth year
C) retrograde motion D) geocentric
Continental Drift HS-ESS2-1
24) The _______ is an example of an active, continent-continent collision.
A. Arabian Peninsula slamming into North Africa under the Red Sea
B. northward movement of India into Eurasia
C. northern movement of Baja California and a sliver of western California toward the Hawaiian Islands
D. westward movement of the South American plate over the Nazca plate
25) Pull-apart rift zones are generally associated with a _______ plate boundary.
A. divergent
B. transform
C. convergent
D. all plate boundaries
26) New oceanic crust and lithosphere are formed at _______.
A. divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma
B. convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma
C. divergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of rhyolitic magma
D. convergent boundaries by submarine eruptions and intrusions of basaltic magma
27) Which one of the following is an important fundamental assumption underlying the plate tectonic theory?
A. Earth's magnetic field originates in the outer core.
B. Radioactive decay slows down at the extreme pressures of the inner core.
C. Earth's diameter has been essentially constant over time.
D. Earth's ocean basins are very old and stable features.
28) The Aleutian Islands occur at a _______.
A. transform boundary where North America has moved towards Alaska
B. convergent boundary on a volcanic island arc above a northward-subducting Pacific plate
C. divergent boundary where shield volcanoes are forming
D. convergent, continental margin with uplifted fault blocks, much like those of the Basin and Range Province
29) plates are sliding past one another horizontally
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
30) where subduction zones occur
A. convergent
B. divergent
C. transform
Plate Tectonics HS-ESS2-3
31) The temperature below which magnetic material can retain a permanent magnetization is called the _______.
A. Darcy temperature B. Curie point
C. Bullard point
D. Vine temperature
32) A very long-lived magma source located deep in the mantle is called a _______.
A. magma welt
B. basalt spout
C. hot spot
D. melt well
33) Linear, magnetic patterns associated with mid-ocean ridges are configured as _______.
A. normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly parallel to the ridge
B. reversed magnetizations along the rift valleys and normal magnetizations along the ridge
C. concentric circles about a rising plume of hot mantle rocks and magma
D. normal and reversed magnetized strips roughly perpendicular to the ridge axis
34) All of the following are evidence supporting the theory of plate tectonics except for _______.
A. hot spots
B. ocean floor drilling
C. changes in the Moon's orbit due to shifting plates
D. paleomagnetism
35) Which one of the following most accurately describes the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands.
A. stratovolcanoes associated with subduction and a convergent plate boundary
B. shield volcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific ridge and spreading center
C. shield volcanoes fed by a long-lived hot spot below the Pacific lithospheric plate
D. stratovolcanoes associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault
36) Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at _______.
A. sites of long-lived, hot spot volcanism in the ocean basins
B. transform fault zones along divergent plate boundaries
C. rift zones along mid-ocean ridges
D. subduction zones along convergent plate boundaries
37) Deep ocean trenches are evidence for _______.
A. sinking of oceanic lithosphere into the mantle at a subduction zone
B. rifting beneath a continental plate and the beginning of continental drift
C. rising of hot asthenosphere from deep in the mantle
D. transform faulting between an oceanic plate and a continental plate