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The Animal Kingdom
The Invertebrates (reference pages: 406-412)
1. Define symmetry:
2. Examine the organisms in figure 2 on page 407. Indicate which show Radial symmetry
and which show Bilateral symmetry:
Spider _____
Sand Dollar ____
Millipede ____
Flatworm ____
Octopus ____
Sea anemone ____
3. In the boxes below draw ( different from above) an organism that :
displays no symmetry
displays radial symmetry
displays bilateral symmetry
4. Complete “Reflect on your Learning” Pg 406 1,2, and 3a,b in your notebook.
5. What characteristics make an organism part of the animal kingdom?
6. Differentiate between an invertebrate and a vertebrate.
Animals are generally classified using the following features:
 Body organization: Does the animal have tissues? organs? systems? 7. Define each
of those terms.
 Number of body layers: the number of germ layers that an animal has is used to
separate them into different phyla. 8a. Define germ layer, endoderm, ectoderm and
mesoderm. 8b. What will each of these three layers become in the developed animal?
 Body cavities: the presence or absence of a coelom is also used to classify animals.
9a. Define coelom, acoelomate, pseudocoelomate,
coelomate
9b. Label each of the cross sections to the left with
one of the last three terms from 9a.
9c. For each of the diagrams label: endoderm,
ectoderm, mesoderm, body cavity and gut.
9d. What is the advantage in having a coelom?
 Body symmetry: none? radial? Bilateral?
10a. Relate symmetry to the ability to move fast.
10b. Define cephalization
10c. What kind of symmetry do humans possess?
 Digestive Tract or Gut: Does the digestive tract
have one opening or two? …a mouth and an anus?
11. Distinguish between and give examples of animals
that are sessile and those that are motile.