Download biol - Homework Market

1. In science, a hypothesis must be A) a known fact B) testable C) derived from a theory
D) able to be proven absolutely true
2. Which of the following includes all the others?
A) atom
B) cell
C) organism
D) ecosystem
3. A carbon atom of mass number 12 and a carbon atom of mass number 14 are
A) covalent B) compounds
C) ions
D) isotopes
4. A chlorine atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 17 electrons. The atomic number of
chlorine is
A) 8 B) 17 C) 35
D) 52
5. If you place the probe of a pH meter in lye or sodium hydroxide (NaOH), it will read
pH 14. Sodium hydroxide is A) an acid B) neutral
C) a base
6. This polysaccharide forms fibers that are a major component of plant cell walls:
A) glucose B) starch C) cellulose D) glycogen
7. Glycerol is a building block of A) starch B) enzymes C) vegetable oil D) DNA
8. Which of these types of molecules contain nitrogen?
A) polysaccharides B) proteins
C) phospholipids
9. Prokaryotic cells, with no nucleus or membranous organelles, are found in
A) animals B) bacteria C) fungi D) plants
10. The main function of a ribosome is to A) extract energy from glucose
B) synthesize glucose
C) store food in the form of fat
D) synthesize proteins
11. Mitochondria A) package proteins for secretion from cell B) contain chromosomes
C) are sites of oxidation of glucose to generate ATP D) synthesize proteins
12. The plasma membrane consists of A) a single layer of phospholipid molecules
B) a double layer of phospholipid molecules in which proteins are embedded
C) several layers of protein and carbohydrate molecules
D) a triple layer of phospholipids and carbohydrates
13. The movement of molecules from a region of low concentration across a membrane
to a region of high concentration by use of ATP energy is A) active transport
B) diffusion C) passive transport D) osmosis
14. The oxygen in our atmosphere is produced by A) greenhouse effect
B) cellular respiration C) photosynthesis D) volcanic eruptions
15. Yeast cells break down glucose anaerobically into
A) ethanol and CO2
B) lactic acid and CO2
C) lactic acid and H2O
D) ethanol and H2O
16. The net energy gain from complete cellular respiration is
A) 2 ATP B) 4 ATP C) 8 ATP D) 36-38 ATP
17. Carbon dioxide is released in A) the light-dependent phase of photosynthesis
B) the Krebs cycle
C) glycolysis
D) the Calvin cycle
18. If the concentration of glucose in the water outside of a cell is lower than the
concentration inside, A) water will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
B) water will
tend to leave the cell by osmosis C) glucose will tend to enter the cell by osmosis
D) glucose will tend to leave the cell by osmosis
19. What happens if a red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
A) the cell will shrink B) the cell will swell and may burst
C) the cell will remain the same size
20. Which of the following is not a characteristic of enzymes? A) they are proteins
B) they are used up in each reaction, thus need to be produced in large quantities s C) they
act on specific substances called substrates D) they speed up the rate of chemical reaction
21. Which of these does not have to be present for photosynthesis to occur?
A) water B) carbon dioxide C) glucose D) chlorophyll
22. Each new cell produced by this process will have an identical copy of all
chromosomes and genes possessed by the parent cell: A) meiosis B) mitosis
23. During the first division of meiosis, A) chromosomes separate at the centromere
B) homologous chromosomes separate C) chromosomes become triploid
24. The number of chromosomes in a human egg cell is A) 4 B) 8 C) 23 D) 46
25. In the notation A = normal, a = albino, the genotype AA describes
A) heterozygous B) homozygous dominant C) homozygous recessive
26. If two normal parents have an albino child, the genotypes of the parents are
A) AA x Aa B) Aa x Aa C) Aa x aa D) aa x aa
27. A father with genotype IAIA and mother with phenotype IBIB would produce children
with blood type: A) A
B) B C) AB D) O
28. A change in DNA base sequence from CATAC to CACAC would describe
A) mutation B) replication C) transcription D) translation
29. Which of these processes does not occur in the nucleus?
A) DNA replication B) transcription C) translation
30. tRNA molecules contain anticodons and carry amino acids to be used in this process:
A) mutation B) DNA replication C) transcription D) translation
31. Exchange of genes between maternal and paternal chromosomes before the first
division of meiosis is caused by
A) X-linkage B) crossing over C) replication D) cytokinesis
32. Which is not a subunit of DNA?
A) adenine
B) guanine C) uracil
D) phosphate
33. A karyotype of an individual with Down syndrome has how many chromosomes?
A) 3
B) 23
C) 46
D) 47
34. If a heterozygous male mates with an albino female, what percentage of albino
children would be expected? A) 0% B) 25%
C) 50% D) 75%
E) 100%
35. A father with genotype IAIB and mother with phenotype O could produce children
with these blood types: A) AB only B) A and B only C) A, B, and AB only
D) A, B, AB, and O
36. During DNA replication, an old DNA strand with base sequence ATCTGAGTA
would serve as a template to form a new complementary strand with the base sequence:
A) TAGACTCAT
B) ATCTGAGTA C) AUCUCUGUA
37. In peas, tall (T) is dominant to dwarf (t) and, on a separate chromosome set, purple
flower (P) is dominant to white flower (p). If Gregor Mendel crosses the genotypes TtPp
and ttPp, what is the expected ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?
A) 9/16 tall purple flowered, 3/16 tall white, 3/16 dwarf purple, 1/16 dwarf white
B) 3/8 tall purple flowered, 1/8 tall white, 3/8 dwarf purple, 1/8 dwarf white
C) 1/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 tall white, 1/4 dwarf purple, 1/4 dwarf white
D) 3/4 tall purple flowered, 1/4 dwarf white
38. Queen Victoria's son Leopold had hemophilia, which is caused by a sex-linked
recessive gene (Xh). Leopold lived to be 31 years old and fathered a normal daughter.
What is the genotype of his daughter?
A) XHXH B) XHXh C) XhXh D) XHY
39. Microevolution by genetic drift is more likely in
A) large populations B) small populations
40. New alleles appear in a species by A) genetic drift
C) gene flow D) natural selection
B) mutation
41. Speciation is most likely when a huge continental population of a snail species
A) undergoes genetic drift B) is forced north by global warming
C) is divided in two over the eons by the rise of a mountain range
42. The insect wing, bat wing, and bird wing are
A) analogous structures
B) homologous structures
43. Groups of organisms that interbreed in nature and are reproductively isolated from
other such groups defines A) communities B) hybrids
C) families D) species
44. Certain species of ants protect, and receive food from, certain species of acacia trees
in the tropics. This exemplifies A) predation B) mutualism C) competition
45. The most important cause of species extinction due to humans in recent centuries is
A) disease
B) global warming C) genetic engineering D) habitat loss
46. Logistic population growth will level off at a number of organisms that are
A) ten times the number in the original population B) the exponential line
C) equal to the number of niches D) the carrying capacity K of the environment
47. If the decomposers were removed from an ecosystem, the other organisms would
eventually die because A) green plants would run out of necessary minerals in the
soil B) green plants would lose their energy source C) herbivores must eat
decomposers D) decomposers release oxygen needed by the other organisms
48. The source of energy for an ecosystem is A) nutrients in the soil B) water
C) sunlight D) recycled energy from decomposers
49. Fungi are primarily A) producers B) herbivores C) carnivores D) decomposers
50. If deer are placed on an island with a constant, renewable food supply and a stable biological
community with predators, the growth curve after several decades would be described as a
A) J-curve [exponential] B) S-curve [logistic]
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS – 2 POINTS EACH – 14 POINTS TOTAL: On the
answer sheet, indicate the letter that represents the best answer to the questions below.
51. Fats contain more energy per gram than carbohydrates or proteins because
A) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of carbon atoms
B) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of hydrogen atoms
C) fat molecules contain a lower percentage of oxygen atoms
D) fat molecules contain a higher percentage of adipose atoms
52. John has type B blood. John's father has type O blood. Mary has type A blood. Mary's
mother is type B. The possible blood types of John and Mary's daughters are
A) AB only B) A or AB only C) B or AB only D) A, B, AB or O
53. Colorblindness (Xb) is X-linked and recessive. Blondie is normal, and not a carrier,
but her husband Dagwood is colorblind. If their daughter Cookie marries a normal
man, what phenotypes can Cookie expect in her sons?
A) all normal
B) 1/2 colorblind, 1/2 normal
C) all colorblind
54. Professor Hotsun is studying a desert ecosystem containing fig trees, fig-eating rats, rateating snakes, and snake-eating lizards. Which organism in this food chain is
considered the producer?
A) fig trees
B) rat-eating snakes
C) snake-eating lizards
D) fig-eating rats.
55. If the fig trees in Question #54 produce one million kcal of energy, about how much energy
would be contained in the population of rat-eating snakes?
A) 100,000 kcal
B) 50,000 kcal
C) 10,000 kcal
D) 1000 kcal
Here is a list of mRNA codons and their amino acids. Use this information to answer #56 and
#57 :
AAU - asparagine
CGU - arginine
GCA - alanine
AUC - isoleucine
CUU - leucine
GGC - glycine
CAA - glutamine
GAA - glutamate
UGU - cysteine
CAU - histidine
GAU - aspartate
56. The sequence of amino acids of Arginine-Alanine-Leucine would be coded by this
sequence of bases on mRNA : A) GAAGCAGGC B) GUGCACAA
C) GCACGTGAA D) CGUGCACUU
57. A sequence of bases on a DNA strand of GAATTACGT would code for this amino
acid sequence:
A) Leucine-Asparagine-Alanine
B) Aspartate-Glutamate-Alanine
C) Glutamine-Cysteine- Histidine D) Leucine-Glutamate-Histidine
ESSAY QUESTIONS - Choose 6 out of the following 8 questions to answer. Each answer
is worth 10 points. Please answer on answer sheet at the end of this exam. Be concise. The
full number of points will be awarded for correct and thorough answers. Partial credit
will be awarded for less than complete answers, so it is to your advantage to attempt an
answer.
58. You are a writer for “Consumer Reports” magazine and you are asked to design an
experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of three brands of whitening strips for teeth. Describe
how you would do this using the scientific method. Include all of the steps, control group,
experimental groups, and variables.
59. Your biology class is performing an osmosis experiment. You are given three identical stalks
of celery and three salt solutions of varying solute amounts. The data table below compares the
solute amount of the celery stalks to the solutions.
Solute Amount of the Solution
Water Amount of the Solution
Solution A less than the celery stalk
Solution B same as the celery stalk
Solution C more than the celery stalk
more water than the celery stalk
same water as the celery stalk
less water than the celery stalk
a). Identify which solution is isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic to the celery stalk cells
b). Describe what happens when the celery stalk is placed into each of the respective solution.
60. Dihybrid cross. The kernels (seeds) on an ear of corn are all offspring of one set of parents.
There are 2 pairs of alleles on separate homologous chromosomes (purple or yellow kernels on
one pair, plump or shrunken kernels on another). Yellow (Y) is dominant to purple (y) and
plump (P) is dominant to shrunken (p). If the genotype of parent plants are YyPp and yyPp,
what are the expected probabilities of the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring kernels?
Explain your reasoning.
61. A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, with 90% of
the grasshoppers green and 10% brown. Typically in the last century, the prairie receives
adequate rain to maintain healthy green grass, but for the last decade the prairie suffers a severe
drought and is also invaded by a bird that eats grasshoppers.
Briefly explain in terms of the four parts of natural selection listed below how the population of
grasshoppers would be expected to change during the drought years.
overproduction variation competition & survival differential reproduction -
62. Describe an environmental problem that you feel is the most urgent worldwide. Which
areas of the world are suffering the most from the problem? Propose a solution to the
problem.
63. Describe three structures found in plant cells but not animal cells. Describe the function of
each structure, and how each benefits plant cells but is not necessary for animal cells.
64. Explain why top carnivores, such as eagles and tigers, have low population densities in
nature. Include processes of the energy pyramid (trophic levels) in your answer.
65. Apply your knowledge of the scientific method to design an experiment. We will use a
real situation from my research project in Olympic National Park. There is no single correct
answer to this exercise. Your proposed experimental design may well be better than the
ones that I actually used. It is more difficult to design an experiment in the field than in a
lab, because there are so many variables in nature.
Observation. When Olympic National Park was established over 60 years ago, it included
scattered homesteads with small fields that were farmed for hay. The farms were
abandoned, but many of the fields still remain today. Trees from the surrounding rain forest
have been unable to invade the fields, in spite of fertile soils and abundant precipitation.
This is unusual because abandoned fields that are surrounded by forest in most parts of the
world are readily colonized by trees and become forest in a few decades. [The purpose of
the experiment was both theoretical, to examine why these fields differed from the standard
model of old-field succession in ecology, and practical, to provide knowledge to the Park
Service who do not like non-native plants in our National Parks.]
The fields in Olympic National Park are mostly covered by non-native grasses that form a
thick sod. Large amounts of wind-blown seeds of the surrounding Sitka spruce trees fall
onto the fields each year, but the seeds are very small.
General Hypothesis. Sitka spruce trees fail to colonize the fields because competition from the
thick grasses prevents the establishment of spruce seedlings.
Your assignment:
Using your knowledge of the scientific method, design an experiment to test this general
hypothesis. Your experiment must include and identify a control group and an experimental
group. You may modify the general hypothesis into a specific hypothesis, which is more limited
and directly fits your experiment, if you wish. Explain how the data that you collect from your
experiment will allow you to make a conclusion about your hypothesis (in your explanation, DO
NOT make up imaginary results).
When considering your methods, you may assume that you have access to spruce seeds and any
tools or materials that you might need to manipulate the environment for your experiment.
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ESSAY ANSWER SHEET - Take as much space as you need to answer each question.
Provide concise answers in your own words. Do not cut and paste from other sources. (Just
type n/a after the number for the two questions that you do not answer.)
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