Download What is Matter

What is Matter?
Anything that can be smelled, tasted,
touched…
Has mass and volume (takes up space)
Matter exists in some state or phase
Most common are solid, liquid, gas. Others
are non-newtonian, & plasma
Matter is made up of atoms. The word
ATOM comes from the Greek philosopher
Democritus. It means “Indivisible”
Atomic Theory: It is thought that atoms are
made of particles. Most common particles
are:
PROTON- has a positive Charge
NEUTRON- has a neutral charge; has
both positive and negative attributes
ELECTRON- has a negative charge
Atom
Smallest part or piece of matter that still
has the properties of matter
Proton: Positively charged particle; largest
of three particles; symbol is P+
Neutron: Neutrally charged particle; has
both positive and negative charges; slightly
smaller than proton; symbol is N=
Electron: Negatively charge particle; 2000
times smaller than proton; symbol is e-
Atomic Structure:
Proton
Nucleus
Neutron
Electron
Electron Cloud
Periodic Table
First organized using the known properties
from other chemists like Stanislao
Cannizzaro, Dmitri Mendeleev created the
table of elements in 1869
Period of elements
Organized horizontally
Indicates # of electron levels
Family of elements
Organized vertically
Indicates # of electrons in outer cloud
Atomic Number (# of P+)
Elemental Symbol
(Often from Latin or Greek)
(1st
letter is upper case,
2nd
is lower case)
7
N
2
Nitrogen 5
Elemental Name
Atomic Mass (# of P+ & N=)
# of e- in each electron cloud
Q:
How can we calculate the
# of Neutrons?
Covalent Bonding:
Atoms join together to form molecules of a
compound through bonding. The
most common way to bond is by
sharing electrons
The first three periods of elements are the
easiest to understand. The most eheld in the outer cloud of these
elements is 8. In order to become
more stable, elements will share e-.
EX:
Na
Cl