Download Chapter 17 Section 2 Guided Reading

Chapter 17 Section 2 Notes: The Northern Renaissance
The Northern Renaissance Begins
By 1450 the population of _________ ___________, which had been shattered by the __________
___________, was beginning to recover. In addition, the destructive Hundred years’ war between
_____________ and ____________ ended in 1453. Many cities _________ rapidly. Urban
______________ became wealthy enough to sponsor artists. This happened first in _______________
which was rich from long distance trade and the cloth industry. Then it happened in other countries.
Italy was divided into ______________. In contrast England and France were unified under
strong _____________. These rulers often sponsored the arts. For example, Francis I of France
purchased Renaissance paintings. He also invited ______________________ to retire in France, and
hired Italian artists and architects to rebuild his castle at ____________________. When completed
_________________ became a showcase of the ________________ ________________. Because of
Monarchs like Francis, royal courts played a major role in introducing ______________ styles to
____________ Europe.
As Renaissance ideas spread out of ___________, they mingled with Northern traditions. As a
result, the _____________ ______________ developed its own character. Many ____________ there
were more interested in _______________ ideas than the ____________ themes popular in Italy. The
Renaissance ideal of ______________ ____________ inspired some northern humanists to develop
plans for social reform based on _______________ values.
Artistic Ideas Spread
German Painters- Perhaps the most famous person to do this was the German artist __________
__________. The son of a goldsmith, __________ decided to become a painter. After serving an
apprenticeship, he traveled to Italy to study in 1494.
____________ emphasis upon ____________ influenced the work of another German artist,
_____________ ____________ the Younger. Holbein specialized in painting ____________ that are
almost photographic in detail. He enjoyed great success in ____________, where he painted portraits
of King ________________ and other members of the Royal Family.
Flemish Painters- As in Italy, wealthy ____________ families in Flanders were attracted to the
Renaissance emphasis on ______________ and worldly ___________. Their patronage helped to
make ____________ the artistic center of ___________ Europe.
As in Italy, the Renaissance in Flanders was marked by an interst in Realism. The first great
Flemish Painter was ________________. Van Eyck lived from sometime in the late _______ to 1441
and worked at the height of the _____________ Renaissance.
Flemish painting reached its peak after 1550 with the work of ______________ the
Elder. Like van Eyck, Bruegel was interested in _________ details and individual people. He
captured scenes from ____________ ____________ life such as weddings, dances, harvest and the
changing of seasons. Bruegel also produced paintings that illustrated ___________.
Northern Writers Try to Reform Society
Christian Humanists- Born in Rotterdam, Erasmus received honors from princes, kings and cardinals
for his brilliant ___________. In 1509, while he was a guest in More’s house, Erasmus wrote his most
famous work, __________________. This book poked fun at greedy ____________, heartsick lovers,
quarrelsome scholars and pompous ___________. Although some of Erasmus’s most stinging barbs
were aimed at the _____________, his work was strongly ____________. Erasmus believe in a
____________ of the __________, not one of ceremonies or rules. He thought hat in order to improve
society all people should study the ___________.
Also concerned with society’s flaws, Thomas More tried to show a better model. In 1516, he
wrote the book ___________ about an imaginary land inhabited by a peace-loving people. In Greek
Utopia means __________ but in English it has come to mean _____________ because of More’s
book. In Utopia, greed, corruption, ________ and crime had been weeded out. Because the Utopians
weren’t _________, they had little need for ____________.
William Shakespeare- William Shakespeare wrote in Renaissance ___________. Many people
regard him as the greatest ___________ of all time. By 1592 he was living in London and writing
_______ and __________.
His works display a masterful command of the __________ Language and a deep
understanding of human beings. He revealed the souls of men and women through scenes of dramatic
conflict. His most famous plays include the _________________ Macbeth, King Lear, ___________,
Romeo and Juliet, and the ____________, A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Many of these plays frankly
examine ____________ ___________.
The Elizabethan Age- The Renaissance in England is also called the _______________________, for
Queen Elizabeth I. She reigned from 1558-1603. Elizabeth was well-Educated and knew _________,
Italian, Latin, and _________. In addition to running a _____________, she also wrote poetry. As a
queen, she patronized artists and writers.
Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas
Gutenberg Invents the Printing Press- During the _______ century, block printed items reached
Europe from __________. European printers began to use block printing to create whole pages to bind
into _________. However, this process, was too slow to satisfy the Renaissance demand for
_____________ and books. _____________________, a craftsman from Mainz, Germany, reinvented
_________________ around 1440. The small method was practical for Europeans because their
____________ have a very small number of ____________ in their alphabets.
Gutenberg then invented the ____________________. The printing press is a machine that
presses paper against a tray full of inked movable _____. Using this invention, Gutenberg printed a
complete Bible, the __________________, in about 1455. It was the first ______________ book
printed with moveable type.
Printing Spreads Learning-The printing press had a revolutionary impact on _____________
___________. It enabled a printer to produce hundreds of copies, all exactly alike, of a single work.
For the first time, _________ were cheap enough that many people could buy them. Printing spread
quickly to other cities in Europe. By 1500, presses in about ________ cities had printed between ___
and ___ million books.
New ________ spread more quickly than every before. At first printers produced many
_________ works. Soon they began to provide books on other subjects such as _________ guides and
medical __________. The availability of books encouraged people to learn to ________ and so caused
a rise in ___________.
Writing in ___________ languages also increased because even people who could not afford
classical education could now buy books. Printers produced the ___________ in vernacular, which
allowed more people to read it. People began to _________ the bible for themselves and to become
more ___________ of priests and their behavior. This eventually led to demands for religious
___________.
The End of the Renaissance-In both ________ and ___________ Europe, the Renaissance had stirred
a burst of __________ activity. Artists in both regions studied _____________ culture, praised
individual ________________, and produced works using new ______________. During the
_________, new ideas and artistic styles appeared. Nonetheless, Renaissance ideals continued to
influence European __________. For example, the Renaissance belief in the dignity of the
_______________ played a key role in the gradual rice of _____________ ideas.