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Grammar Review
Parts of Speech “Cheat Sheet”
Noun – names a person, place, thing, or idea
 Proper nouns are capitalized
 Compound nouns contain two or more words put together to form a single noun (e.g. volleyball,
high school, and brother-in-law)
 A gerund is a word ending in “ing” that acts as a noun (e.g. Fishing is my favorite sport.)
Pronoun – a word that takes the place of a noun
 Personal pronouns (I, me, you, we, us, etc.)
 Relative pronouns - introduce adjective and noun clauses (who, whom, whose, which, that)
 Interrogative pronouns – used in questions (Who…? Whose…? What…? etc.)
 Demonstrative pronouns – points specific things out (this, that, these, those)
 Indefinite pronouns – not referring to a specific person or thing (anyone, each)
 Reflexive pronouns – self, selves forms (myself, himself, ourselves, etc.)
 Possessive Pronouns – Caution – These words can act as adjectives (his, yours, my, etc.)
Verb – expresses action or existence
 Linking verbs connect the subject to an adjective or noun (Grammar is cool.)
 Helping verbs are part of a verb phrase (He had been crying.)
Adjective – modifies a noun or pronoun
 Usually precedes word it modifies except in a S-LV-PA sentence (see above)
 Answers the questions which one? what kind? or how many? about the word it is modifying
 There are compound adjectives (The huge, maniacal creature attacked us.)
 Nouns can act as adjectives (a coffee mug or computer desk)
 A participle is a word ending with “ing” or “ed” that acts as an adjective (e.g fishing contest or
completed work)
Adverb – modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb
 Answers the questions where? when? how? or how much? about the word it is modifying
 They often end in “ly”
 They are not always close to the word they are modifying
 At times can be moved around in a sentence
Preposition – a word that shows a relationship between a noun and a pronoun and some other
word in the sentence (how’s that for a vague definition)
 Begins a prepositional phrase
 We will learn a list of approximately 60 prepositions and compound prepositions
 They are everything you can “do to a cloud” (near a cloud, inside a cloud, etc.)
Conjunction – joins words or groups of words
 Three types – coordinating (and, but), correlative (either…or), subordinating (since)
Interjection – expresses emotion with no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence (Whew!
Gosh! etc.)
Golden Rule of Grammar:
A WORD IS A PART OF SPEECH DEPENDING ON HOW IT IS USED IN A SENTENCE.