Download Module 22 Notes

Module 22 Notes
Drugs
Psychoactive Drug
A chemical substance that alters ______, _______, or ______
Three most commonly used psychoactive drugs:
*
*
*
Induce an altered state of consciousness
Dependence
A state of physiological and/or psychological need to _________________________________.
_________ follows if the drug is discontinued
Withdrawal
The _______ and _______ that follow when a person who is dependent on a drug ______ the use of the drug
Withdrawal symptoms are usually the ______ of the drug’s effects
Tolerance
Reduced ________ to a drug, prompting the user to ________ the dosage to achieve ______ previously obtained by lower
doses of the drug
Neurotransmission
- The process whereby neurons ____________________
Neurotransmission, especially in the _____ and _______, helps explain the effects of psychoactive drugs.
- Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal ____________.
Reuptake
Process where the _______neurotransmitter chemical is _________by the sending neuron
Psychoactive drugs affect synapses and neurotransmitters in three ways:
1.
2.
3.
Five Psychoactive Drug Categories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Depressants
Drugs that ______ neural activity and _____ body functioning
Includes _____ and ________
Alcohol
Found in beer, wine, and liquor
The _____ most used psychoactive drug (caffeine first)
Slows thinking, and impairs _______ activity
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
A measure of how much _______ is in a person’s bloodstream
Alcohol _______ the parts of the brain responsible for controlling ________ and making ________
Alcohol, Memory, and Sleep
Studies have shown that alcohol impairs memory by ________the processing of events into ______ term memory
Alcohol plays another trick with our memory, experiences from the _________ state may not transfer to the _______ state
Alcohol impairs ______sleep, further _______memory storage
Sedatives
Drugs that reduce _______ or induce ______
Also called ___________
Include barbiturates and benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Drugs that _______ the activity of the central nervous system and thereby reduce _______
-
Can be lethal in overdose and interact with other drugs, especially ________
Impair both _______ and __________
Can create tolerance and dependence
Benzodiazepines
Drugs that ________ that activity of the central nervous system without most of the ____ _____ associated with
barbiturates
Include Valium and Xanax
Can create dependency
Opiates
Drugs that depress _____ _______, temporarily lessen _____ and ______
Include: opium, morphine, and herion
Morphine
Strong sedative and pain-relieving drug derived from _________
Works by preventing pain _______ from firing or releasing pain-signaling neurotransmitters into the synapse
Endorphins
Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain ______ and to ______
Body’s natural _____ _____
Stimulants
Drugs that ______ neural activity and ______ ____ body functions
Include: caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine
Caffeine
_________ found in coffee, chocolate, tea and some soft drinks
Provides user with sense of _______ energy, mental ________, and forced _________
Blocks neurological receptor sites that, if activated, ______ the central nervous system
Nicotine
Stimulant found in _______
Effects similar to those of _________
Very ______ and does not stay in the body very long
Cocaine
-
Stimulant derived from leaves of the ______ plant
Crack- cocaine crystals
Blocks the ______ of certain neurotransmitters
Dependency is ______ and severe; places extreme strain on __________ system
Amphetamines
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, speeding up body functions, with associated _______ and ____ changes
Includes: speed, uppers, and methamphetamines
Mimic ________
Can cause irreversible changes in _______
Hallucinogens
Drugs that distort _______ and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Includes: LSD and Ecstasy
Sometimes called “_________”
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
Powerful _________ drug
Also known as “______”
The effects vary from person to person
Users can be dangerous to themselves and others.
Ecstasy
Hallucinogenic drug that produces lower ________, pleasant feelings, and greater ________ of others
Also called MDMA, X , ADAM or Love Drug
Even moderate users may experience ________ brain damage
Marijuana
Leaves, stems, resin, and flowers from the _____ plant that, when smoked, lower _______ and produce feelings of
_______ and mild _______
_______ is the active ingredient
Disrupts memory; _______ damage from smoke