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Study Guide for Quiz #3 Astronomy 315 In studying for the quiz you should concentrate on your notes and exercises. I would suggest that you do not just read them over, but test yourself on your mastery of the material. You can use the questions below to aid in this process. 17: The Milky Way Galaxy Can you define these key words? Globular Clusters Cepheid Variables Harlow Shapley Disk Nucleus Halo Spiral Arms Differential Rotation OB Associations Density Waves Sagittarius A* Population I Stars Population II Stars Metal-Rich Stars Metal-Poor Stars Open Clusters Can you answer these key questions? How do we see the Milky Way from Earth? How did Harlow Shapley find the center of the Milky Way? How do we learn about the Milky Way? What is the structure of the Milky Way? What are the components of the disk? How do we map out spiral arms? How do spiral arms form? How do we determine what is at the center of the Milky Way? What types of stars make up the halo? What are the properties of globular clusters? What is the history of the Milky Way? Can you do the “Milky Way Exercise”? 18: Stellar Kinematics Can you define these key words? Proper Motion Inherited Motion T Association Open Cluster Globular Cluster Rotation Curve Dark Matter MACHOs Brown Dwarfs Gravitational Lensing WIMPs Can you answer these key questions? Why do stars move? How do we see stars move across the sky? What are the properties of different types of clusters? Can you describe and explain the rotation curve of the Milky Way? What is the evidence for dark matter? What is the difference between a brown dwarf and a star? Why are MACHOs unlikely to be dark matter? What is the difference between MACHOs and WIMPs? What is dark matter? Can you use these equations and understand what all the variables are? M = a3/P2 Can you do the “Dark Matter Exercise”? 19: The Interstellar Medium Can you define these key words? Interstellar Medium (ISM) Gas Dust HI Region HII Region Giant Molecular Cloud Absorption Extinction Scattering Reddening Nebula Dark Nebula Bok Globules Emission Nebula Reflection Nebula Local Bubble Can you answer these key questions? What is the ISM composed of? Can you describe the composition and role of both gas and dust in the ISM? What affects the radiation environment of a cloud? How do different amounts of radiation produce different types of clouds? What does dust do? What are the three basic types of nebula? What do they look like? What explains their appearance? What material is responsible for their appearance? How does the ISM look at different wavelengths? How much of the volume of the Milky Way do different parts of the ISM account for? Can you do the “Name That Nebula Exercise”? 20: Galaxies Can you define these key words? Edwin Hubble Spiral Elliptical Irregular Barred Spiral Lenticular Hubble’s Tuning Fork Diagram Starburst Galaxy Galactic Cannibalism Can you answer these key questions? How was the nature of galaxies determined? How are galaxies classified? What is the basic structure of each type of galaxy? How are spiral galaxies and elliptical galaxies classified? How is star formation rate related to the tuning fork diagram? How do galaxies interact? What evidence do we have of galactic interaction? How do galaxies evolve? Can you do the “Name That Galaxy Exercise”? 21: Active Galactic Nuclei Can you define these key words? Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) Seyfert Galaxies Doppler Broadening Type I and Type II Seyferts Radio Galaxies Radio Lobes Synchrotron Radiation BL Lac Objects Quasar Unified Model Can you answer these key questions? Can you describe and compare the major types of AGN? What is the structure and cause of radio lobes? How do quasars differ from other AGN? What produces the powerful activity of AGNs? How does the unified model explain the different kinds of AGNs? What is the structure of the core of an AGN? Why are some galaxies not active? Can you do the “Active Galactic Nuclei Exercise”? 22: Galaxy Evolution Can you define these key words? Protogalaxy Cosmic Filaments Hierarchical Mergers Giant Ellipticals Double Nucleus Intercluster Medium Can you answer these key questions? How are galaxies formed in the early universe? What evidence do we have that galaxies interact? How do giant elliptical galaxies form? What are the properties of starburst galaxies and what causes them? What are the properties of the intercluster gas and where does it come from? How do spiral galaxies form? How do elliptical galaxies form? Can you use these equations and understand what all the variables are? s = (d)/206265 vescape = (2GM/R)½ Can you do the “Galaxy Evolution Exercise”? 23: Structure of the Universe Can you define these key words? Cosmic Distance Ladder Parallax Spectroscopic Parallax Cepheid Period/Luminosity Relationship Supernova Standard Candle Red shift Luminosity Flux Type Ia Supernova Hubble Flow Hubble Law Hubble Constant Look Back Time Local Group Hubble Deep Field Can you answer these key questions? What are the strengths and weaknesses of the various distance determination methods? How is a standard candle used to determine distance? Why do Type Ia supernova make good standard candles? How is red shift related to distance and why? What is the structure of the Local Group? What is the structure of the Virgo Cluster? Can you use these equations and understand what all the variables are? F = L/4d2 V= Hd Can you do the “Supernova Distance Exercise”? 22: Cosmology (note: this is not on Quiz 3, but is on the final) Can you define these key words? Static Infinite Olber’s Paradox Spacetime Hot Big Bang Cosmic Microwave Background Dark Energy Open Closed Flat Heat Death Can you answer these key questions? How do we know if the universe is infinite? How do we know if the universe is static? How do the distance and velocity of galaxies relate to the expansion of the universe? How is the universe bounded? What is the evidence for the expansion of the universe? What was the early universe like? How do we find the age of the universe? What determines how the universe will end? How will the universe end? Can you use these equations and understand what all the variables are? H = v/d v = d/t Can you do the “Expansion of the Universe Exercise”?
