Download X section of Earth cut and paste.

DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF THE FORMATION OF SURFACE FEATURES IN NEW ZEALAND
Achievement Standard:
Science 1.13
6 weeks
ACHIEVEMENT OBJECTIVES: Planet Earth and Beyond
Earth Systems
 Investigate the external and internal processes that shape and change the surface features of New Zealand
TEXTS:
ESA revision Guide (ESA)
New Directions in Science (ND)
Literacy Focus:
Key words/terms: core, mantle, crust, tectonic plate, convection current, Gondwanaland, plate boundary, volcano, eruption,
cone, dome, shield, subduction, ocean trench, lava, magma, lahar, caldera, tsunami, earthquake, fault, seismometer,
seismograph, Richter scale, igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary, weathering, erosion, transport, sediment, deposition,
compression, uplift, glacier, freeze & thaw.
Useful websites:
Gondwana splits: http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2.html
Maps of continents over time: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm
Savage earth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/index.html
Mantle convection: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html
Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html
Geology animations: http://duedall.fit.edu/wholeearth/geology_animations1.htm
Tsunami: http://www.asiantsunamivideos.com/
Old Faithful webcam: http://www.nps.gov/archive/yell/oldfaithfulcam.htm
How the Asian tsunami occurred: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4136289.stm
Pyroclastic flow video: http://www.maniacworld.com/erupting-volcano.htm
Best NZ Natural hazards and disasters: http://www.teara.govt.nz/EarthSeaAndSky/NaturalHazardsAndDisasters/en
Himalaya formation:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visualizations/es1105/es1105page01.cfm?chapter_no=visu
alization
On line mineral key:
http://geology.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?zi=1/XJ/Ya&sdn=geology&zu=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minsocam.org%2FMSA
%2FK12%2Fproperties%2Fminid%2Fmineralid.html
Volcanoes: http://www.volcano.si.edu/
Learning Experiences and content
1. Structure of planet Earth
 Pre-test
 Cross-section of Earth (core, mantle, crust).
 Also recognise poles, magnetic pole, equator, tropics.
 Draw/Label diagrams.
 Graph Depth vs Temp
2. Plate tectonics
 Assemble Gondwana southern super-continent from
existing continental shapes.
 Explain and draw convection currents in mantle causing
movement of plates.
 Continental Drift and evidence for it e.g Glossopteris,
fossil crocodiles etc
3. Plate boundaries
 Label/ colour code on map of the world volcanoes,
mountain ranges, ocean trenches, rift valleys, major
eathquakes including: Volcanoes; Etna, Fuji, Mt Ranier,
Popocatapetl, Cotopaxi (Colombia), Ruapehu, Rabaul,
Raoul Is, Mountain Ranges; Atlas, European Alps,
Resources and references
Brainbops animation: Earth structure.
X section of Earth cut and paste.
Cut & paste & colour Earth X-section.
Graphing exercise handout "Depth vs Temp"
Earth’s core:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/29142-100greatest-discoveries-the-core-of-the-earth-video.htm
Gondwanaland cut and paste in folder.
Animations:
Convergent and divergent boundaries:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/12652-our-restless-planetconvergent-and-divergent-plates-video.htm
Gondwana splits:
http://www.exploratorium.edu/origins/antarctica/ideas/gondwana2
.html
Maps of continents over time:
http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/platetec/plhist94.htm
Savage earth: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/savageearth/index.html
Mantle convection: http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantleconvection.html
Seafloor spreading and magnetic anomalies:
http://www.edumedia.fr/a399-mantle-convection.html
Geology animations:
http://duedall.fit.edu/wholeearth/geology_animations1.htm
And:
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/visu
alizations/es1105/es1105page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization
Atlases
Cut & paste maps of world.
Plate boundaries map K:\2009 Science\Yr 10 Science\Earth
Science\Earth Science – Images
Learning Experiences and content
Caucasus, Himalayas, Rockies, Andes, Southern Alps
Trenches & rift valleys; Mariana, Tonga-Kermadec,
Aleutian, Major quakes; San Francisco, Napier (NZ),
Kobe (Japan), Banda Aceh (Sumatra).
4. N.Z on a plate boundary
 Label on map of N.Z. features associated with being on
a plate boundary, including: Volcanoes: Taranaki,
Ruapehu, Ngaruhoe, Tongariro, L.Taupo, Tarawera,
White Is Mountain ranges: Raukumara, Ruahine,
Tararua ranges, Kaikoura ranges, Southern Alps.
Geothermal: Hanmer Springs, Rotorua. Earthquakes:
Napier (1931), Murchison (1930?), Edgecombe (198?),
Dusky Sound (2009)
 When reviewing, look at Landsat poster and identify the
plate boundary and relate various features to their to
proximity to plate boundary.
Resources and references
5. Shaky Beginnings
 Shaky beginnings
6. Volcanoes
 Show video on volcanoes.
 Draw a subduction diagram labelling magma, lava,
ocean trench, Indo-Australian plate (continental crust),
Pacific plate (oceanic crust), ash cloud, subduction
zone arrow showing plate movement.
 Thin, dense ocean plate goes under.
 Thick, less dense continental plate rides over top.( 2
continental plates compress to form mountain ranges
but not volcanoes)
 Define lahar, tsumami, caldera, pumice.
 Briefly discuss collapsing ash cloud as pyroclastic flow
(as in Dantes Peak movie when Pierce Brosnan flees &
drives into mine shaft).
8. Shapes of volcanoes
"Shaky Beginnings" video 51, 40min with Jim Hickey.
Landsat poster of N.Z on wall in R10
Atlases
Map of N.Z to cut & paste.
"Volcanoes" video 22min
Show http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29457assignment-discovery-paricutin-video.htm
Then show http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/7161-mtsaint-helens-powerful-erruption-video.htm
Find video of actual moments of Mt St Helens erupting in 1980
on YouTube.
Pyroclastic flow video: http://www.maniacworld.com/eruptingvolcano.htm
And: http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/7153-volcanoespyroclastic-flow-video.htm
Learning Experiences and content
 Demo: Ammonium dichromate volcanic cone.
 Discuss shapes of volcanoes, and runny vs sticky lava.
 Types of lava from different types of volcanoes
 Shield – basalt eg Rangitoto – runny lava
 Cone – andesite eg Ngaruhoe
 Dome – rhyolite eg Tarawera – sticky lava
 Volcanic rock (e.g basalt) vs plutonic (e.g granite.
Discuss formation and observe specimens.
9. Famous eruptions
 Research and report on a famous volcanic eruption.
 Suggestions: Vesuvius, Pinatubo, Tarawera, Krakatau,
St Helens, Montserrat.
10. Geothermal activity
 Thermal springs and how geysers work.
11. Earthquakes
 Discuss mountain building at plate boundaries due to
compression.
 Earthquakes often occur at where plates slide past one
another e.g San Andreas, Wellington
 Fault lines = weakness in crust.
 Define focus vs epicentre
 Case study: Banda Aceh earthquake and resultant
tsunami.
12. Measuring magnitude
 Richter scale
 Demo: Slinky spring and waves. Show transverse (swaves) and longitudinal waves (p-waves).
 Estimating magnitude and epicentre task.
 Safety and preparation for earthquakes.
13. Rock types
 Define igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
 Describe how each is formed.
 Practical: Identifying rock types. Spread one set of
Resources and references
Ammonium dichromate (observe safety precautions)
Rock specimens
Three types of volcano task sheet.
Computer room
Slinky spring.
How the Asian tsunami occurred:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/4136289.stm
Show video 98 ‘The day the world shook’
“Reading the traces” task in folder
ND p250-255
Trays of rock samples of I, M & S
Use I.D sheets in rock sample boxes
Learning Experiences and content
rocks around the room. Use a simple key to identify as
I, M or S.
14. Rock formation literacy
 Spend some time getting students to practise writing
their own paragraphs on formation of the 3 types of rock
using a keyword list.
 Read from New Directions text and close book.
 Write key words on board. Get students to write I, M
and S beside each word.
 Construct paragraphs.
15. Minerals
 Define what a mineral is compared to a rock.
 Observe a number of minerals and discuss the
properties that are used to identify different minerals.
 Practise using keys to identify minerals
16. Minerals in sand
 Practical: Carry out minerals in sand task.
 Students to rotate rolls in group.
 Present % or different minerals on pie graphs.
17. Rock cycle
 Process:
Uplift/Eruptionmountainweatheringerosiontransp
ortdeposition/sedimentationcompressionlithificatio
n/rock formationsubductionmeltingeruption
concept.
 Types of weathering – physical eg freeze/thaw, plant
roots chemical e.g organic acids, acid rain.
18. Weathering and ice
 Mechanical(physical) & chemical weathering
 Practical: Freeze & Thaw. Heat marble in Bunsen then
cool in ice cold water. Repeat. Should begin to crack,
 Practical: Put plastic drink bottle in a freezer without cap
on to observe expansion of water when frozen.
Resources and references
Keywords:
Heat, melt, magma, cool, solidify, crystals, pressure, layers, rock
fragments, deposits, sediments, compacts, cements.
ND p242-245
Minerals in sand task sheet.
Several types of sand.
Binocular microscopes
ND p256-257
Rock cycle:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/search.php?terms=rock+cycle&
media=video
Bottle of water in freezer for next period.
Marbles, “Heating and Cooling” instruction sheet.
Plastic bottles
Learning Experiences and content
 Glaciers produce U-shaped valleys, moraine etc
19. Weathering literacy
 Show video clips on weathering and erosion.
 Students silently read the text on mechanical and
chemical weathering.
 Split class in pairs, write one of the sentences beside
bullet points in coloured pen, cut up sentence into
individual words.
 Pairs rotate around room reassembling sentences. Write
sentence in exercise book.
20. Rock stratification
 Using rock stratigraphic columns to work out geological
history.
20. Mountains and weather
 Discuss orographic rainfall & draw diagram of how
mountains cause rain on windward side and föhn wind
on leeward side.
21. Assessment task
 Internal assessment AS1.13
Resources and references
Weathering:
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/21683-weatheringvideo.htm
A4 paper, scissors, coloured pens
ND p262-263
‘Norwester’ video ?.