Download UNIT 4: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION CHAPTER 5

UNIT 4: CIVIL WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION
CHAPTER 5: SECESSION AND CIVIL WAR
INTRODUCTION
—The Declaration of Independence states _____________________________________________
—Americans either had to abolish slavery, or admit that the Declaration of Independence meant
mean nothing
—The resulting conflict, the American _______________________________ (1861-1865), also known as the
War Between the States, cost more American lives than any other war this nation has ever fought
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
—The _____________________________
◦Slaves provided for most of the labor for producing ___________________
◦A debate arose across the country whether it was moral (right) from a person to own another
person
◦In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson made the ____________________________________________from France,
adding all the land West of the Mississippi River
◦When the land was settled the potential states began to debate on whether they would _____________
slavery or not
◦In 1819, the U.S. had _______ states evenly divided between “slave states” (south) and “free states”
(north)
—The ______________________________________
◦In 1819, Missouri applied for statehood as a ________________ state (if this happened the balance
would be upset)
◦Luckily, Maine applied as a _________________ state and the balance was saved
◦This also stated that slavery would not be allowed in the remainder of the Louisiana Purchase
North of the ___________________ parallel, which ran West from Missouri’s southern border
—The _______________________________________
◦In 1817, the ____________________________________________________ (ACS) was formed
–It supported emancipation of slaves back to ____________________
–The nation of _____________________ grew out of the ACS
–The ACS emphasized __________________ abolition of slavery and persuading blacks to move back to
Africa
–The Mississippi Colonization Society was formed in 1831
◦In 1831, __________________________________________, an abolitionist, began to publish an antislavery
newspaper called The Liberator
—The ____________________________________________
◦________________________________—the principle that the rights of the states should prevail over the
rights of the Federal Government
◦In the early 1800s Congress had passed several ______________________—taxes on imported/exported
goods designed to protect American factories, which were mainly in the Northern states
◦Tariffs negatively affected the South, so South Carolina tried to _______________ cancel, the 1832 tariff
◦A compromise was reached which reduced the tariffs, but Congress passed a law, which denied
states the right to nullify laws
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CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR, CONTINUED
—The _________________________________________
◦This would settled the slavery dispute in the newly acquired land from _______________________ (1846)
◦___________________________________ was admitted as a free state
◦In some of the remaining western territories, slavery would be determined by
_____________________________________________________—a vote of the people living there
—The __________________________________________
◦This allowed the people living in Kansas to decide whether to allow slavery (Kansas was ____________
of the 36°30´ parallel, which outraged abolitionists)
◦The popular sovereignty issue led to a Civil War in Kansas, which became known as
______________________________
THE DRED SCOTT DECISION
—The _______________________________________—laws that required runaway slaves to be returned to
their owners
—Dred Scott’s master had traveled into free states and Scott ______________ for his freedom. He lost
—In 1857 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that slavery could ___________ be barred from the territories
SECESSION
—As tensions arose some Southerners began to believe that ___________________________—withdrawal
from the union, was the only way to save slavery
—In 1859, ___________________________ was elected Governor of Mississippi as a supporter of secession
—_________________________________ ran as the Union Party candidate
—_________________________________ wrote the Ordinance of Secession
ELECTION OF 1860
—The ____________________________________________ was formed to opposed slavery
—__________________________________________ ran for President as a Republican
—Southern states vowed that if Lincoln won the election they would _______________________
—John Breckenridge ran as a Democrat
—John Bell ran for the Constitutional Union Party to preserve the _______________________
—Lincoln won the election with all votes coming from ____________________________ states
—South Carolina was the 1st to secede from the union in 1860, __________________________________was 2nd
ABRAHAM LINCOLN
—He became the ___________ of the U.S. in 1861
—He made many famous speeches such as the _____________________________________ and said the famous
line “A house divided against is self cannot stand”
—He is considered one of our ____________________________ presidents because he kept the U.S. together
—He issued the ____________________________________________________________ freeing the slaves in the
Confederate states
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GETTYSBURG ADDRESS, 1863
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in
Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so
dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion
of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether
fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground.
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or
detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did
here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have
thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that
from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of
devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God,
shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not
perish from the earth.
-Abraham Lincoln
THE CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
—After South Carolina and Mississippi seceded ________ more states followed: Alabama, Georgia,
Florida, Louisiana, Texas
—These states formed the Confederate States of America (The ______________________________)
—__________________________________________, a famous soldier in the Mexican War, was elected President
of the Confederate States of America
—The 1st capital was in Montgomery, Alabama (later it was moved to Richmond, Virginia
THE ATTACK AT FORT SUMTER
—Lincoln decided to send needed ________________________ to Fort Sumter
—South Carolina authorities decided to attack and __________________ the Fort
—The Attack at Fort Sumter resulted in the _______________________ of the American Civil War
THE CIVIL WAR: NORTH VS. SOUTH
—Both the North and the South were confident that they would win the war
◦Southern Argument:
–__________________________ military training and leaders
–“King Cotton” to gain ___________________ support
◦Northern Argument
–________________ resources and industry
–More ______________________ (they also had black soldiers, but paid them less than whites)
–More miles of ___________________
THE CIVIL WAR IN MISSISSIPPI
—Many battles were fought in Mississippi because the ______________________________________ was vital
to both the North and South
—By gaining control of the River, the North could __________________ the Confederacy and cut off its
Western supply route
—_______________________________ lay at a critical position on the river
—To capture Vicksburg, the Union Army had to drive Confederate Troops from their position in
North Mississippi
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BATTLE OF SHILOH
—Located _____________ miles north of Corinth, Mississippi
—The Union Forces, under General ______________________________________ defeated the Confederates and
forced them to retreat to Corinth
—Confederate General Albert Sydney Johnston was killed, and in 2 days so were _________________
Union and Confederate soldiers
—This was the ________________________ battle of the war
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATON
—Issued by Lincoln declared that by January 1, 1863 all slaves owned by persons living in the
__________________________________________ were free
BATTLE OF VICKSBURG
—The battle lasted _______ weeks
—Citizens of Vicksburg were forced to live in __________________
—The North wanted to capture Vicksburg to cut off Confederate supplies and allow them to travel
freely on the river
—It was a major ____________________________ in the Civil War in favor of the North
—The Confederacy lost _______________________ soldiers and their weapons
FINAL DAYS
—The ______________________________________________ in Virginia is the location where General
_________________________________________ surrendered to General Grant in ____________________________
ending the American Civil War
—In the terms of surrender all land in the South would be given back to former ___________________
—The ________________________________________________ to the U.S. Constitution was passed abolishing
slavery from the U.S.A.
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