Download sodium n-1-naphthylphthalamate

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SODIUM N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMATE
CASRN: 132-67-2
For other data, click on the Table of Contents
Human Health Effects:
Human Toxicity Excerpts:
INHALATION HAS BEEN REPORTED TO CAUSE SLIGHT IRRITATION.
/NAPTALAM/
[Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode
of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975. 830]**PEER
REVIEWED**
NO SKIN IRRITATION DESCRIBED IN MAN ... . /NAPTALAM/
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-337]**PEER REVIEWED**
Hazards to humans statement: DANGER. Harmful if swallowed. Corrosive. Causes
irreversible eye damage. Do not get in eyes or on clothing. /Naptalam/
[Purdue University; National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (1986)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Emergency Medical Treatment:
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The following Overview, *** GENERAL OR UNKNOWN CHEMICAL ***, is relevant
for this HSDB record chemical.
Life Support:
o This overview assumes that basic life support measures
have been instituted.
Clinical Effects:
0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE
0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE
A) A SPECIFIC REVIEW on the clinical effects and treatment
of individuals exposed to this agent HAS NOT YET BEEN
PREPARED. The following pertains to the GENERAL
EVALUATION and TREATMENT of individuals exposed to
potentially toxic chemicals.
B) GENERAL EVALUATION 1) Exposed individuals should have a careful, thorough
medical history and physical examination performed,
looking for any abnormalities. Exposure to chemicals
with a strong odor often results in such nonspecific
symptoms as headache, dizziness, weakness, and nausea.
C) IRRITATION 1) Many chemicals cause irritation of the eyes, skin, and
respiratory tract. In severe cases respiratory tract
irritation can progress to ARDS/acute lung injury,
which may be delayed in onset for up to 24 to 72 hours
in some cases.
2) Irritation or burns of the esophagus or
gastrointestinal tract are also possible if caustic or
irritant chemicals are ingested.
D) HYPERSENSITIVITY 1) A number of chemical agents produce an allergic
hypersensitivity dermatitis or asthma with
bronchospasm and wheezing with chronic exposure.
Laboratory:
A) A number of chemicals produce abnormalities of the
hematopoietic system, liver, and kidneys. Monitoring
complete blood count, urinalysis, and liver and kidney
function tests is suggested for patients with significant
exposure.
B) If respiratory tract irritation or respiratory depression
is evident, monitor arterial blood gases, chest x-ray,
and pulmonary function tests.
Treatment Overview:
0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE
A) GASTRIC LAVAGE
1) Significant esophageal or gastrointestinal tract
irritation or burns may occur following ingestion. The
possible benefit of early removal of some ingested
material by cautious gastric lavage must be weighed
against potential complications of bleeding or
perforation.
2) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a
potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can
be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1
hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and
left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal
intubation. Control any seizures first.
a) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes
or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated
patients; following ingestion of corrosives;
hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at
risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation;
and trivial or non-toxic ingestion.
B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
1) Activated charcoal binds most toxic agents and can
decrease their systemic absorption if administered soon
after ingestion. In general, metals and acids are
poorly bound and patients ingesting these materials
will not likely benefit from activated charcoal
administration.
a) Activated charcoal should not be given to patients
ingesting strong acidic or basic caustic chemicals.
Activated charcoal is also of unproven value in
patients ingesting irritant chemicals, where it may
obscure endoscopic findings when the procedure is
justified.
2) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry
(240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g
in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12
years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old.
C) DILUTION 1) Immediate dilution with milk or water may be of benefit
in caustic or irritant chemical ingestions.
2) DILUTION: Immediately dilute with 4 to 8 ounces (120 to
240 mL) of water or milk (not to exceed 4 ounces/120 mL
in a child).
D) IRRITATION 1) Observe patients with ingestion carefully for the
possible development of esophageal or gastrointestinal
tract irritation or burns. If signs or symptoms of
esophageal irritation or burns are present, consider
endoscopy to determine the extent of injury.
E) OBSERVATION CRITERIA 1) Carefully observe patients with ingestion exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
2) Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE
A) DECONTAMINATION 1) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for
respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing
develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation,
bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and
assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with
inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral
corticosteroids.
B) IRRITATION 1) Respiratory tract irritation, if severe, can progress
to pulmonary edema which may be delayed in onset up to
24 to 72 hours after exposure in some cases.
C) ACUTE LUNG INJURY 1) ACUTE LUNG INJURY: Maintain ventilation and oxygenation
and evaluate with frequent arterial blood gas or pulse
oximetry monitoring. Early use of PEEP and mechanical
ventilation may be needed.
D) BRONCHOSPASM 1) If bronchospasm and wheezing occur, consider treatment
with inhaled sympathomimetic agents.
E) OBSERVATION CRITERIA 1) Carefully observe patients with inhalation exposure for
the development of any systemic signs or symptoms and
administer symptomatic treatment as necessary.
2) Patients symptomatic following exposure should be
observed in a controlled setting until all signs and
symptoms have fully resolved.
0.4.4 EYE EXPOSURE
A) DECONTAMINATION: Irrigate exposed eyes with copious
amounts of room temperature water for at least 15
minutes. If irritation, pain, swelling, lacrimation, or
photophobia persist, the patient should be seen in a
health care facility.
0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE
A) OVERVIEW
1) DERMAL DECONTAMINATION a) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash
exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A
physician may need to examine the area if irritation
or pain persists.
2) PESTICIDES a) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and
jewelry. Wash the skin, including hair and nails,
vigorously; do repeated soap washings. Discard
contaminated clothing.
3) IRRITATION a) Treat dermal irritation or burns with standard topical
therapy. Patients developing dermal hypersensitivity
reactions may require treatment with systemic or
topical corticosteroids or antihistamines.
4) DERMAL ABSORPTION a) Some chemicals can produce systemic poisoning by
absorption through intact skin. Carefully observe
patients with dermal exposure for the development of
any systemic signs or symptoms and administer
symptomatic treatment as necessary.
Range of Toxicity:
A) No specific range of toxicity can be established for the
broad field of chemicals in general.
[Rumack BH POISINDEX(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO,
2004; CCIS Volume 122, edition expires Nov, 2004. Hall AH & Rumack BH (Eds):
TOMES(R) Information System Micromedex, Inc., Englewood, CO, 2004; CCIS Volume
122, edition expires Nov, 2004.]**PEER REVIEWED**
Animal Toxicity Studies:
Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts:
The 90 day feeding tests were done on the sodium salt of NPA. No effect level (rat,
beagle dog) 1000 ppm.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C241]**PEER REVIEWED**
... LOW ACUTE TOXICITY IN RATS ... NO SKIN IRRITATION DESCRIBED IN ...
ANIMALS. /NAPTALAM/
[Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products.
5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.,p. II-337]**PEER REVIEWED**
NO EVIDENCE OF MUTAGENICITY TO ESCHERICHIA COLI WAS FOUND FOR
A VARIETY OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS INCL NAPTALAM. /NAPTALAM/
[FICSOR G, NII LO PICCOLO GM; NEWSLETT ENVIRON MUTAGEN SOC 6: 6-8
(1972)]**PEER REVIEWED**
THE PERCENT MORTALITY OF INSECTICIDE-SUSCEPTIBLE MOSQUITO FISH
TREATED WITH 10 PPM OF NAPTALAM WAS 0-10%. /NAPTALAM/
[FABACHER DL, CHAMBERS H; ENVIRON LETT 7 (1): 15-20 (1974)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
WHEN ONE YR OLD CHANNEL CATFISH WERE PLACED IN AQUARIA WITH 1
OR 10 PPM OF ALANAP FOR 48 HR, LESS THAN 10% MORTALITY OCCURRED.
/NAPTALAM/
[MCCORKLE FM ET AL; BULL ENVIRON CONTAM TOXICOL 18 (3): 267-70
(1977)]**PEER REVIEWED**
NAPTALAM DID NOT INDUCE POINT MUTATIONS IN ANY OF 4 DIFFERENT
MICROBIAL SYSTEMS. /NAPTALAM/
[ANDERSON KJ ET AL; J AGR FOOD CHEM 20 (3): 649-56 (1972)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
NAPTALAM WAS ONE OF 14 COMPOUNDS SHOWN TO INTERFERE IN PLANT
CELL DIVISION. IT WAS STUDIED IN 2 ANIMAL TUMOR CELL CULTURES,
(EL-4 & L1210). NAPTALAM HAD A 50% ID (INFECTIVE DOSE) BETWEEN
1X10-4 AND 1X10-3 M CONCENTRATION. SOME INHIBITORS OF PLANT CELL
DIVISION ARE CAPABLE OF INHIBITING THE PROLIFERATION OF ANIMAL
TUMOR CELLS. /NAPTALAM/
[ZILKAH S ET AL; CANCER RES 41 (5): 1879-83 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**
NAPTALAM WAS AMONG 20 HERBICIDES TESTED FOR MUTAGENIC
ACTIVITY USING THE AMES SALMONELLA/MAMMALIAN MICROSOME
ASSAY. NO INCREASES OVER BACKGROUND FINDINGS WERE NOTED FOR
ANY OF THE HERBICIDES TESTED BOTH AT FULL STRENGTH OR AS DILUTE
SOLUTIONS. TESTER STRAINS USED WERE TA1535, TA1537, TA98, AND
TA100. /NAPTALAM/
[EISENBEIS SJ ET AL; SOIL SCI 131 (1): 44-7 (1981)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Teratology: Sprague Dawley rats: Increased maternal mortality and resorptions were
noted at the mid dose level /not specified/ and above. NOEL for maternal and fetotoxic
effects is therefore 15 mg/kg/day (lowest dose tested). /Naptalam/
[Purdue University; National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (1986)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Non-Human Toxicity Values:
LD50 Rat oral 1770 mg/kg
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1993. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1993.,p. C241]**PEER REVIEWED**
Metabolism/Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption, Distribution & Excretion:
TRANSLOCATION CHARACTERISTICS: GIVES STRONG EPINASTIC
RESPONSE (SRP: CURLING OF STEM) ON TOMATOES, APPLIED ON THE
FOLIAGE OR THROUGH THE SOIL. APPEARS TO ACCUMULATE IN
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE. /NAPTALAM/
[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois:
Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 342]**PEER REVIEWED**
Absorption predominantly via the roots, but also, to some extent, via the foliage, with
accumulation in meristemat8ic tissue. /Naptalam/
[Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth,
Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.,p. A293/Aug 87]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Mechanism of Action:
2-(p-Carbethoxyphenyl)-1,3(2H,4H)-isoquinolinedione, an experimental herbicide,
caused effects on geotropism, which are often indicative of an effect on auxin transport,
in a whole plant herbicidal screen. However, it showed little or no activity in an in vitro
binding assay in corn coleoptiles for the auxin transport inhibitor, N-1naphthylphthalamic acid. Other active isoquinolinedione analogues of this compound did,
however, exhibit significant in vitro activity. Direct measurements of auxin transport in
corn coleoptiles were undertaken in an attempt to resolve the apparent discrepancy
between herbicidal and binding activities. In all cases examined, compounds that were
highly active on whole plants were good inhibitors of auxin transport, and compounds
that were weak as herbicides showed little or no effect on auxin transport. Therefore, it is
concluded that the mode of action of these isoquinolinedione herbicides is the inhibition
of auxin transport. Ring-opened analogs of several isoquinolinediones were synthesized
and assayed in both the transport and binding assays, in order to test whether compounds
in this class express their herbicidal activity by undergoing ring-opening in vivo, yielding
products that are more straightforward analogs of N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid with free
carboxyl groups. The homophthalamic acids had little or no activity in both assays. On
the other hand, the p-ethyl- and p-ethoxy-phenyl phthalamic acids showed auxin transport
inhibition comparable to the parent isoquinolinediones, but with markedly increased
binding activity. These results support the possible role of ring-opening in the generation
of biological activity. However, the p-carbethoxyphenyl phthalamic acid, analogous to 2(p-carbethoxyphenyl)-1,3(2H,4H)-isoquinolinedione, was very weak in both assays.
Thus, ring-opening in vivo cannot alone account for the biological activity of this class of
compounds. /Naptalam/
[Gardner G, Semple JE; J Plant Growth Regul 9 (3): 161-70 (1990)]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Pharmacology:
Environmental Fate & Exposure:
Environmental Standards & Regulations:
FIFRA Requirements:
As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review
of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions
about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health
and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1,
1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all
pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996.
Sodium N-1-naphthylphthalamate is found on List A, which contains most food use
pesticides and consists of the 194 chemical cases (or 350 individual active ingredients)
for which EPA issued registration standards prior to FIFRA, as amended in 1988. Case
No: 0183; Pesticide type: herbicide; Registration Standard Date: 03/30/85; Case Status:
OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or
environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration
and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active
ingredient (AI): Sodium N-1-naphthylphthalamate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s):10/18/95;
AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies
and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a
timely manner.
[USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review
p.136 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**QC REVIEWED**
Chemical/Physical Properties:
Molecular Formula:
C18-H13-N-O3.Na
**PEER REVIEWED**
Molecular Weight:
313.30
**PEER REVIEWED**
Density/Specific Gravity:
1.386
[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois:
Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 340]**PEER REVIEWED**
Solubilities:
PPM @ 25 DEG C: ACETONE 16,800, BENZENE 500, XYLENE 400,
DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE 50,300, WATER 230,800, ISOPROPANOL 20,900,
METHYLETHYL KETONE 5,900; INSOL IN HEXANE; MISCIBLE IN
DIMETHYLSULFOXIDE
[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois:
Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 340]**PEER REVIEWED**
Chemical Safety & Handling:
Hazardous Decomposition:
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/.
[Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th ed. New York, NY: Van
Nostrand Reinhold, 1984. 2441]**PEER REVIEWED**
Disposal Methods:
Recommendable methods: Incineration & landfill. Peer-review: Large amt, incinerate in a
unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert
consultation (May 1985))
[United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File).
Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental
Programme, Dec. 1985. 257]**PEER REVIEWED**
Occupational Exposure Standards:
Manufacturing/Use Information:
Major Uses:
HERBICIDE
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1981. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister, 1981.,p. C-10]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Fruit thinner
[Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 3rd ed., Volumes 1-26. New York,
NY: John Wiley and Sons, 1978-1984.,p. V18 6 (1982)]**PEER REVIEWED**
Manufacturers:
Uniroyal Chemical Co Inc, Hq, World Headquarters, Middlebury, CT 06749, (203) 5732000 Production site: Gastonia, NC 28052
[SRI. 1992 Directory of Chemical Producers-United States of America. Menlo Park, CA:
SRI International, 1992. 837]**PEER REVIEWED**
Methods of Manufacturing:
SODIUM SALT CAN BE RECRYSTALLIZED FROM SOLN OF ISOPROPANOL TO
IMPROVE THE PURITY.
[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed
Science Society of America, 1979. of America, 1979. 301]**PEER REVIEWED**
General Manufacturing Information:
NAPTALAM-SODIUM WAS INTRODUCED BY UNIROYAL INC AS TRADE
MARK 'ALANAP'.
[Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium.
8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987. 598]**PEER
REVIEWED**
LIQ FORMULATION FOR CONTROL OF NUMEROUS BROADLEAF WEEDS IN
SOYBEANS, PEANUTS, & VINE CROPS. GRANULAR 10% REGISTERED FOR
USE ON SOYBEANS, PEANUTS & VINE CROPS.
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1981. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister, 1981.,p. C-10]**PEER
REVIEWED**
WITH CHLORO-IPC: SOLD UNDER NAME MORCRAN (UNIROYAL) FOR USE
ON CRANBERRIES. ALSO UNDER NAME SOLO FOR USE ON SOYBEANS
ONLY. WITH DINOSEB: DYANAP FOR USE ON SOYBEANS & PEANUTS;
DYANAP WITH LASSO EC ... WITH PREFAR ... FOR POSTEMERGENCE USE ON
SOYBEANS. /FORMER USE/
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1981. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister, 1981.,p. C-10]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
ALANAP-3 /IS/ AQ SOLN OF SODIUM SALT CONTAINING EQUIVALENT OF
22% CMPD AS ACID. /NAPTALAM/
[Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication
1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada,
1982. 415]**PEER REVIEWED**
Dyanap the active ingredients are a mixture of the sodium salt of naptalam (0.24kg (2.0
lb) sodium salt of naptalam/l (gal)) plus the sodium salt of dinoseb (0.12 kg (1.0) sodium
salt of dinoseb/l (gal)).
[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois:
Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 341]**PEER REVIEWED**
LIQUID (2 LB/GALLON), GRANULES (10%).
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1981. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister, 1981.,p. C-10]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Laboratory Methods:
Special References:
Synonyms and Identifiers:
Related HSDB Records:
1742 [NAPTALAM]
Synonyms:
ALANAP
**PEER REVIEWED**
ALANAP 3
**PEER REVIEWED**
BENZOIC ACID, 2-((1-NAPHTHALENYLAMINO)CARBONYL)-, MONOSODIUM
SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
NAP
**PEER REVIEWED**
ALPHA-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID SODIUM SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID SODIUM SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
NAP, SODIUM SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
NAPTALAM SODIUM
**PEER REVIEWED**
NAPTALAM SODIUM SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
PHTHALAMIC ACID, N-1-NAPHTHYL-, MONOSODIUM SALT
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM N-1-NAPHTHYLPHTHALAMIC ACID
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM NAPTALAM
**PEER REVIEWED**
SODIUM NPA
**PEER REVIEWED**
Formulations/Preparations:
ALANAP-3 /IS/ AQ SOLN OF SODIUM SALT CONTAINING EQUIVALENT OF
22% CMPD AS ACID. /NAPTALAM/
[Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication
1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada,
1982. 415]**PEER REVIEWED**
Dyanap the active ingredients are a mixture of the sodium salt of naptalam (0.24kg (2.0
lb) sodium salt of naptalam/l (gal)) plus the sodium salt of dinoseb (0.12 kg (1.0) sodium
salt of dinoseb/l (gal)).
[Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois:
Weed Science Society of America, 1983. 341]**PEER REVIEWED**
LIQUID (2 LB/GALLON), GRANULES (10%).
[Farm Chemicals Handbook 1981. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister, 1981.,p. C-10]**PEER
REVIEWED**
Administrative Information:
Hazardous Substances Databank Number: 5619
Last Revision Date: 20030214
Last Review Date: Reviewed by SRP on 12/10/1993
Update History:
Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/08/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/06/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/15/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/12/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/13/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/08/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 08/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 06/03/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 03/10/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 11/01/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 04/23/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/30/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 09/13/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/14/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/30/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/09/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/12/1994, 23 fields added/edited/deleted.
Field Update on 03/29/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Field update on 01/09/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 05/21/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted.
Complete Update on 01/17/1985