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Chapter 3
I.
II.
III.
Principles of hereditary transmission
A.
The genetic material
B.
Growth of the zygote and production of body cells
C.
The germ (or sex) cells
1.
Production of gametes through meiosis
BOX 3.1 – Focus on research: Crossing-over and chromosome segregation during
meiosis
2.
Hereditary uniqueness
D.
Multiple births
E.
Male or female?
F.
What do genes do?
G. How are genes expressed?
1.
Single-gene inheritance patterns
a.
Simple dominant-recessive inheritance
BOX 3.2 – Examples of dominant and recessive traits in human heredity
b.
Codominance
c.
Sex-linked inheritance
2.
Polygenic inheritance
Hereditary disorders
A.
Chromosomal abnormalities
1.
Abnormalities of the sex chromosomes
2.
Abnormalities of the autosome
B.
Genetic abnormalities
C.
Predicting, detecting, and treating hereditary disorders
1.
Predicting hereditary disorders
2.
Detecting hereditary disorders
3.
Treating hereditary disorders
BOX 3.3 – Ethical issues surrounding treatments for hereditary disorders
Hereditary influences on behavior
A.
Behavioral genetics
1.
Methods of studying hereditary influences
a.
Selective breeding
b.
Family studies
c.
Estimating the contribution of genes and environment
i.
Gene influences
ii.
Nonshared environmental influences
iii.
Shared environmental influences
iv.
Myths about heritability estimates
2.
Hereditary influences on intellectual performance
3.
Hereditary contributions to personality
a.
How much genetic influence?
b.
Which aspects of environment influence personality?
i.
Measuring the effects of nonshared environments
ii.
Do siblings have different experiences because they
have different genes?
4.
Hereditary contributions to behavior disorders and mental illness
B.
Theories of heredity and environment interactions in development
1.
2.
3.
The canalization principle
The range-of-reaction principle
Genotype/environment correlations
a.
Passive genotype/environment correlations
b.
Evocative genotype/environment correlations
IV.
V.
VI.
c.
Active genotype/environment correlations
d.
How do genotype/environment correlations influence development?
e.
Separated identical twins
C.
Contributions and criticisms of the behavioral genetics approach
Applying developmental themes to hereditary influences on development
Summary
Key terms