Download APUSH Civil War

APUSH Civil War
That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixtythree, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof
shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever
free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval
authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or
acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual
freedom.
Abraham Lincoln
1. The passage above was a part of the longer document known as the
A. Declaration of Independence
B. United States Constitution
C. Emancipation Proclamation
D. Compromise of 1850
2.
As an immediate result of the above statement
A. all slaves in the U.S. were freed by the U.S. government
B. only slaves in the Confederate states were given freedom and protection
C. the Civil War ended within a few weeks
D. all slaves were returned to Africa to establish the nation of Liberia
3.
Many historians argue that Lincoln issued this statement in order to
A. win greater support from radical northern abolitionists for the war effort
B. make his wife’s southern family members happy
C. encourage African American voters to elect Republican rather Democratic candidates
D. make sure that he would be re-nominated for the presidency in 1864
I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes of this guilty land can never be purged away
but with blood. I had as I now think, vainly flattered myself that without very much bloodshed, it
might be done.
note handed to a guard on 2 December 1859
4.
5.
The quotation above most directly justifies actions
A. taken by the radical abolitionist at Potawatomi Creek, Kansas
B. a defense of the massacre of American Indians at Wounded Knee, SD
C. deaths of American colonists in the Boston Massacre
D. taken by Nat Turner in a slave rebellion in Virginia
The most immediate result of John Brown’s raid at Harper’s Ferry was
A. the secession of Virginia from the United States of America
B. increased tension between northern radical abolitionists and southern slaveholders
C. more restrictive laws forbidding the importation of slaves from Africa
D. adoption of the policy of nullification by the South Carolina legislature
“The question at issue is one of the vastest ever presented for practical decision, involving the
name & weal of this Republic at home & abroad. It is not a military question; it is a question of
statesmanship. We are to secure by counsel what was won by the war. Failure now will make the
war itself a failure, surrender now will undo all our victories. Let the President prevail, &
straightway the plighted faith of the Republic will be broken; – the national creditor & the
national freedman will be sacrificed; – the Rebellion itself will flaunt it insulting power; – the
whole country in its length & breadth will be disturbed; – & the rebel region will be handed over
to misrule & anarchy.”
--- Sen. Charles Sumner, (“One Man Power Versus Congress”), c. October 2, 1866
6. Which aspect of a reconstruction plan would Charles Sumner most likely support?
A. passage of Black Codes in former Confederate states
B. amnesty in exchange for a loyalty oath taken by Confederate politicians
C. modernization of Southern economies and transportation systems
D. mandatory ratification of the 14th amendment
7. Which of the following expresses a major intent of The Freedmen’s Bureau?
A. To provide freedmen with forty acres and a mule
B. Education for former slaves and poor whites
C. Confiscated land from Confederate leaders given to former slaves
D. Safety from the harassment of the Ku Klux Klan
8. The 14th and 15th Amendments, passed during Reconstruction, were later undermined by
which of
the following, resulting in a lack of protection of individual rights?
A. Ratification of female suffrage in the United States
B. Federal acquisition of Indian reservations
C. Poll taxes, literacy tests, and Jim Crow laws
D. Presidential suspension of habeas corpus
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation,
conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
… The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our poor
power to add or detract...
It is for us, the living… to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here,
have, thus far, so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us … that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom – and that
government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.
~ Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, 1863
9. The concerns expressed here by Lincoln were a response to the
(A) conflict with Great Britain over the treatment of Native Americans west of the Appalachians
(B) the secession of the South and ensuing Civil War
(C) the liberation of Cuba from Spanish control
(D) controversy regarding support for the revolutionary government of France
10. The ideas expressed in Lincoln’s speech most strongly influenced which future action by
the United States government?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Joining the United Nations
Refusing to join the League of Nations
Emancipation of the slaves
Constructing a nuclear arsenal
11. Which of the following groups most strongly opposed Lincoln’s point of view in this
speech?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Southern plantation owners
Democratic-Republicans
New England merchants
Loyalists
12. Most historians would argue that Lincoln drew inspiration from which of the following?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The Northwest Ordinance
The US Constitution
The Articles of Confederation
The Declaration of Independence
"That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the
States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in
rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that
day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen
thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall have
participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive
evidence that such State, and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United
States."
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln
January 1, 1863
13. Which of the following resulted from the proclamation excerpted?
a. President Lincoln freed all the slaves.
b. The South was emboldened to secede from the Union.
c. Lincoln's decision to use the proclamation changed the purpose of the war d. Women gained
the right to vote.
14. Which of the following documents would be similar in its impact to the proclamation
excerpted
a. The Declaration of Independence
b. The Mayflower Compact
c. The Monroe Doctrine
d. The Articles of Confederation
15. Which of the following developments demonstrate the strongest continuity with the idea
expressed in the passage?
a Post Reconstruction South's adoption of Jim Crow law
b. Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a white person
c. Lyndon Johnson's Great Society efforts to use federal power to end racial discrimination
d. The emergence of the crop lien and sharecropping systems in the South after Reconstruction
16. At the beginning of the Civil War, President Lincoln regarded his greatest war aim
A. the restoration of the Union
B. the freeing of the slaves
C. conciliatory measures toward the South
D. prevention of French and British intervention
E. destruction of states’ rights relative to the power of the federal government
17. A “copperhead” was
A. a supporter of Abraham Lincoln’s war aims
B. either a Democrat or Republican who opposed the war
C. a Radical Republican determined to “strike” at Lincoln
D. a member of Lincoln’s cabinet who criticized him behind his back.
E. a Peace Democrat who opposed the war
18. The Emancipation Proclamation officially decreed the freedom of slaves in
A. the border states
B. areas still in rebellion on January 1, 1863
C. any state where any vestige of slavery existed
D. areas which were occupied by Union troops.
E. both B and C
19. The first Battle of Bull Run was
A. a resounding victory for the Union
B. was a draw because the South failed to pursue the disarray of the Union
C. was an unexpected victory for the Confederacy from the southern point of view
D. was more harmful in the long run to the South than a defeat would have been
E. irrelevant compared to the second Battle of Run
20. General McClellan’s chief shortcoming was his
A. inability to train and inspire his men
B. reckless bravery and impetuosity
C. his excessive caution and hesitation to seek battle
D. inability to cooperate with Lincoln to Lincoln’s great worth
E. inability to develop viable and effective military strategy
21. General Grant
A. excelled in “blood and guts” tactics including willingness to sacrifice large numbers of
men
B. was infamous for his devastation of Georgia including Atlanta
C. was transferred from the eastern to the western campaign in reward for his victories
D. failed to gain control of the Mississippi until he had suffered major defeats
E. both A and C
22. Draft riots in New York indicated that
A. blacks were not willing to serve in the Union army
B. laborers, especially the Irish, felt threatened by the possible results of abolition
C. Lincoln had lost control of anti-war demonstrators
D. the North was wearying of the war and unwilling to accept widespread inflation .
23. In both the North and the South military conscription
A. was resisted by large-scale riots
B. raised the overwhelmingly majority of troops
C. tended to exempt the wealthy
D. was popular especially as the war wore on
E. was never really a necessity
24. In the Civil War the North had the following advantages EXCEPT
A. control of the seas and a blockade
B. European immigrants to swell the army
C. a well established strong central government
D. complete unity of purpose
E. control of the vast wealth in banking and shipping
25. The North financed its war efforts primarily through
A. borrowing through bonds
B. issuing greenbacks
C. raising tariff duties and import taxes
D. imposing an income tax
E. major loans from France and Great Britain
26. During the Civil War the aristocracy of Great Britain and Europe
A. hoped the disunion would be permanent B. sympathized with the south
C. viewed the war as a tragedy of disunion
D. hoped for an ultimate peaceful reunion
E. Both A and B
27. At the outset of the Civil War the South had the advantage(s) of
A. the prospect of foreign intervention
B. an apparent need for a strictly defensive strategy
C. cotton as a major economic force
D. A and B E. A, B and C
28. “King Cotton” proved not to be king for several reasons including
A. English cotton factories were closed by widespread depression
B. Englans received adequate cotton in spite of the Union blockade
C. the South embargoed cotton exports
D. England has an alternate and abundant supply of cotton
E. of vehement demonstrations by English factory workers against support of the South
29. A major disadvantage of the South was
A. the total lack of any naval power
B. the failure of significant supportive foreign intervention
C. the lack of a belief in a just and moral cause
D. major disunity among the Confederate generals
E. Jefferson Davis’ refusal to recognize states’ rights
30. The Trent affair of 1861 resulted in
A. the seizure of a French ship with its passengers and crew
B. a diplomatic crisis between the United States and Great Britain
C. an increased willingness of the British to assist the South
D. President Lincoln’s unwillingness to acknowledge the grievances of the British
E. a major rupture in the blockade
31. In the Election of 1864
A. the military action had little relation to the political developments
B. the Republican Party technically disappeared
C. McClellan represented the Copperhead point of view
D. the Confederacy won a moral victory based on voter turnout
E. Lincoln was the humiliates loser
32. In the North the Civil War effected all of the following EXCEPT
A. lowering of the tariff to expand trade with Great Britain
B. the creating of “shoddy millionaires”
C. the speeding of the westward movement with the Homestead Act
D. expansion of transportation and manufacturing
E. printing of greenbacks to help finance the war
33. A major threat to civil liberties in the Civil War was
A. the hanging of Vallandigham
B. the illegal blockade of the South
C. Lincoln’s suspension of habeas corpus
D. the imposition of the income tax
E. the First Conscription Act of 1862
34. Lincoln’s liberties with the Constitution were
A. a reflection of Lincoln’s determination to mandate dictatorial powers
B. believed by Lincoln to be necessary to accomplish his war aims and save the
Constitution
C. immediately challenged by the Congress with the threat of impeachment
D. negligible and scarcely noticed by the Congress or the general public
E. an example of his inept leadership and inability to make decisions
35. During the Civil War many emancipated slaves
A. frequently revolted on a large scale
B. continued to work on the plantations
C. were totally refused entry into the army
D. gradually came to be large numbers in the southern armies
E. both A and B
36. The last major attempt by the Congress at compromise to save the Union was
A. a revised Kansas-Nebraska Act
B. the Compromise of 1860
C. the reversal of the Dred Scott decision by the Supreme Court
D. Crittenden Compromise
E. a final compromised crafted by Clay, Calhoun and Webster
37. A major accomplishment by the Republicans after 1860 was
A. the establishment of a National Banking System
B. the abolition of the income tax
C. the removal of taxes on state bank notes
D. repudiation of greenbacks to maintain currency stability
E. the lowering of import taxes
38.In the Election of 1864 the primary opponents were
A. Lincoln and Johnson
B. Buchnan and McClellan
C. McClellan and Lincoln
D. Douglas and Lincoln
E. Grant and Lincoln
39. The Confederacy financed their war efforts primarily through
A. borrowing through bonds
B. raising taxes, primarily income taxes
C. selling surplus government lands from confiscated plantations
D. issuing of paper money escalating inflation
40. The state created as a result of it’s refusal to secede was
A. Kansas
B. Nebraska C. West Virginia
D. New Mexico
E. South Dakota
41. The significance of the battle of Vicksburg included that
A. it was probably the best example of Grant’s military abilities
B. the North was able to divide the South and control the Mississippi
C. the inhabitants withstood the siege and Union troops withdrew
D. the North gained control of the railroad to Richmond
E. both A and B
42. During the Civil War there were approximately how many casualties?
A. 600,000
B. 300,000
C.6,000,000 D. 1,000,000 E. 100,000
43. As a result of the Battle of Gettysburg
A. Lincoln lost an opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclimation
B. Lee lost his right hand man Stonewall Jackson
C. Lee could no longer launch a major assault into the North
D. the Union gained control of the railroad lines into Richmond
E. both A and C
44. The purpose of Sherman’s march through Georgia was to
A. destroy supplies B. cut railroad lines C. demoralize the civilian population
D. A and B
E. A,B and C
45. Jefferson Davis; effectiveness as a leader was inhibited by
A. his reticence in taking command of the Confederacy
B. his lack of conviction that the Confederacy was justified in seceding from the Union
C. the limited power of the central government in relation to that of the states
D. hid ongoing attempts to bring a compromise between the Union and Confederacy was
justified in seceding from the Union
E. locating the in Montgomery which was so far from the primary action
46. The “twenty nigger” law provided
A. no plantation could have more than twenty slaves during the war
B. all slaves would be taxed double after first twenty
C. one white man must remain on a plantations for every twenty slaves
D. a plantation had to provide a work force of twenty slaves for war effort projects
47. Ex parte Milligan ruled that
A. Lincoln was justified in suspending the right of habeas corpus
B. military courts took precedence over civil courts in war times
C. military courts were unconstitutional where civil courts were capable of functioning
D. Vallandingham’s civil rights had not been violated
E. Lincoln was liable for impeachment based on his executive orders
48. The first major military successes of the Union were in
A. the Peninsula campaign near Richmond
B. the western theater in relation to the Mississippi
C. capturing all of Tennessee and Kentucky
D. the first and second Battles of Bull Run
E. combination of A and D
49.The Trent affair, CSA Alabama and laird rams had in common that
A. the British and United States refused to negotiate major diplomatic differences
B. warships were being built in Great Britain and being sold to the Union
C. British-American relations survived a series of diplomatic crises
D. the blockade had major gaps which were a serious problem to the Union
E. they demonstrated the minimal impact of the blockade on the war
50. The battle considered to be the costliest and bloodiest, especially on it’s first day was
A. Chancellorsville
B. Seven Days
C. Antietam
D. Vicksburg E. Chickamauga
Match the quotation or description with the correct person. No, they do not exactly
match.
51. “Damn the torpedoes…full speed…ahead…”
1. Ulysses S. Grant
52. Peace Democrat, banished from the Union
2. Charles Sumner
53. President of the Confederacy
3. Robert E. Lee
54. Mobilizer of women for field hospitals
4. “Stonewall” Jackson
55. Commander of northern gunboats which
5. Abraham Lincoln
captured New Orleans.
6. Andrew Johnson
56. Commander of Union armies in later days
7. William T. Sherman
57. Brilliant commander of the Army of Virginia.
8. Charles F. Adams
Probably greatest southern general
58. “Duty is the sublimest word in our language”
9. Clement Vallandigham
59. Led March to the Sea through Georgia
10. David Farragut
60. First commander of the army of the Potomac,
11. George McClellan
Lincoln said he had the “slows”
61. Vice President after the election of 1864
12. Dorothea Dix
62. American ambassador, major efforts at preventing war 13. Jefferson Davis
63. His victories at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg
14. George Meade
were costly for the South
64. He did not hesitate to sacrifice 7.000 mean in the first
minutes of the Wilderness campaign
65. Leader of Republicans urging immediate emancipation
Unit 8 Short response
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
“. . . Although, among the enumerated powers of
government, we do not find the word “bank” or
“incorporation,” we find the great powers to lay
and collect taxes; to borrow money; to regulate
commerce; to declare and conduct a war; and to
raise and support armies and navies . . . But it
may with great reason be contended, that a
government, entrusted with such ample
powers . . . must also be entrusted with ample
means for their execution. The power being given,
it is the interest of the nation to facilitate its
execution. . . .”
—Chief Justice John Marshall
By Abraham Lincoln
We believe … in obedience to, and respect for the judicial department of government. We think its
decisions on Constitutional questions, when fully settled, should control, not only the particular cases
decided, but the general policy of the country, subject to be disturbed only by amendments of the
Constitution as provided in that instrument itself. More than this would be revolution. But we think the
Dred Scott decision is erroneous.
Speech on the Dred Scott decision
1. Use the quotes above to answer the following question. Answer all parts of the question.
A. Briefly explain ONE major similarity between Marshall’s and Lincoln’s
interpretations.
B. Briefly explain how someone supporting Marshall’s interpretation of federal power
could use one piece of evidence from the period between 1800-1820 not directly
mentioned in the excerpt.
C. Briefly explain how someone challenging Marshall’s interpretation of federal power
could use one piece of evidence from the period between 1800-1820 not directly
mentioned in the excerpt.
2.
Using the image, answer parts a, b, and c.
a. Briefly explain the point of view expressed by the artist about ONE of the following:
- Opiton 1: John Brown
- Opiton 2: Southerners
- Opiton 3: African Americans
b. Briefly explain ONE development from the period 1854 to 1859 that led to the
point of view expressed by the artist.
c. Briefly explain ONE way in which developments in the period following 1861 to
1877 that challenged or supported the point of view expressed by the
artist/photographer.
Appropriate Use of Relevant Historical Evidence/ Historical
Evidence, Interpretation
(Choose two competing historical perspectives)
I. Descending from these general principles, we find the proposition that, in legal
contemplation, the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of the Union itself.
The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed in fact, by the Articles
of Association in 1774. It was matured and continued by the Declaration of
Independence in 1776. It was further matured and the faith of all the then thirteen
States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of
Confederation in 1778. And finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining
and establishing the Constitution, was "to form a more perfect Union."
Abraham Lincoln, First Inaugural Address
II. In pursuance of this Declaration of Independence, each of the thirteen States proceeded to
exercise its separate sovereignty. . . We hold that the Government thus established is
subject to the two great principles asserted in the Declaration of Independence; and
we hold further, that the mode of its formation subjects it to a third fundamental
principle, namely: the law of compact. We maintain that in every compact between
two or more parties, the obligation is mutual; that the failure of one of the contracting
parties to perform a material part of the agreement, entirely releases the obligation of
the other; and that where no arbiter is provided, each party is remitted to his own
judgment to determine the fact of failure, with all its consequences
South Carolina, Declaration of Secession
3. Using the excerpts, answer a, b, and c.
a) Briefly explain ONE major difference between Lincoln’s and South Carolina’s historical
perspective.
b) Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1787 to 1861 not explicitly
mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Lincoln’s argument
.
c) Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1787 to 1861 not explicitly
mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support South Carolina’s argument
Short Answer Period 5 1844-1877
“Such, in brief, was the nature of carpetbag rule in the South. The concept which the Radicals
sought to disseminate was that the problems of restoration had all been neatly solved, the country
saved, and the South ‘reconstructed’ by 1868. (…) The fact of the matter was that this ‘complete
restoration’ was merely the beginning of the corrupt and abusive era of carpetbag rule by the
forcible imposition of Radical governments upon an unwilling and protesting people. Before this
imposition took place the Southern states already had satisfactory governments. It is a serious
misconception to suppose that Johnson’s efforts in the South had been altogether a ‘failure.’
--J.G. Randall, historian, The Civil War and Reconstruction, published in 1937
“…the focal point of Reconstruction was the social revolution known as emancipation.
Plantation slavery was simultaneously a system of labor, a form of racial discrimination, and the
foundation upon which arose a distinctive ruling class within the South. Its demise threw open
the most fundamental questions of economy, society, and politics. (…) In a comparative
perspective Radical Reconstruction stands as a remarkable experiment, the only effort of a
society experiencing abolition to bring the former slaves within the umbrella of equal citizenship.
Because the Radicals did not achieve everything they wanted, historians have lately tended to
play down the stunning departure represented by black suffrage and office holding. (…)
Certainly, in terms of the sense of possibility with which it opened, Reconstruction failed. But as
Du Bois observed, it was a ‘splendid failure.’”
--Eric Foner, historian, “The New View of Reconstruction,” American Heritage, 1983
4. answer a,b,c using the excerpts above
a. Briefly explain ONE major difference between Randall’s and Foner’s historical
interpretations.
b. Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1863-1877 not explicitly mentioned in the
excerpts could be used to support Randall’s argument.
c. Briefly explain how ONE example from the period 1863-1877 not explicitly mentioned in the
excerpts could be used to support Foner’s argument.