Download Study Guide – Earthquake / Volcano

Study Guide – Earthquake / Volcano
1. Diagrams
– on the back of this paper label and draw the following:
reverse fault
normal fault
single vent, cinder cone volcano
strike-slip fault
shearing
tension
compression
composite, mountain-like cone volcano
s-wave
p-wave
l-wave
shield, basaltic volcano (built from fluid lava)
2. Fill in the blank
a. The ____________________ scale assigns a number to determine the strength of earthquakes; each number being 32 times the
energy of the previous number.
b. Earthquakes occur mostly on plate ____________________.
c. A ____________________ records the amplitude and frequency of earthquake waves.
d. P, S, and L waves are produced by earthquakes and are called ____________________ waves.
e. After observing the ____________________ of seismic waves, scientists decided the core is made of a solid and liquid layer.
f. ________and_________ waves cannot pass through liquids.
g. A scale based on visual damage and personal accounts is called the ____________________ scale.
h. The ____________________ of an earthquake is the area underground where energy is released.
i. The place on the earth’s surface directly above the focus is called the ____________________.
j. ______ waves’ speed is half as fast as _______ waves’ (which arrive first) and _____ waves’ speed is the slowest.
k. A scale that is more reliable for larger earthquakes is called the ____________________ scale.
3. Matching
_____ Material found in magma that is formed from oxygen and silicon
a. extinct
_____ Low viscosity
b. Aa
_____ Unlikely to erupt again
c. viscosity
_____ Resistance of a liquid to flowing, dependent on temp. and silica content
d. block/bomb
_____ Hot, rope-like, fast moving type of lava
e. lava
_____ High viscosity, a lot of water and gas trapped in the magma
f. pahoehoe
_____ Magma that reaches the surface
g. silica
_____ Larger chunks or pieces of pyroclastic flow
h. ash/cinder
_____ Not currently active, but may become so in the future
i. active
_____ Molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water
j. non-violent eruption
_____ Erupting or showing signs of erupting
k. magma
_____ Cool, blocky, slow-moving type of lava
l. violent eruption
_____ Fine, rocky, or pebble-sized particles of pyroclastic material
m. dormant
4. On the back of this paper, draw a volcano and label the following parts: crater, vent, lava, pipe, and magma