Download Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Group 11

MEOR Processes
Sources and Types
Nutrients & Injection
Mechanisms
Screening criteria
Methodology
Case Study
Economics
Limitations and Environmental Effects
Conclusion
Shady
Well Stimulation
Enhancing Waterflooding
Permeability Modification
Wellbore Cleanup
Shady
Source
Indigenous
•Less cost
•Difficulty to achieve
required reactions
External Source
(Exogenous)
•Produce required
products
•Injected with nutrients
OR
•Injection of metabolites
M.Abdelaaty
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Facultative
M.Abdelaaty
Nitrogen
source
Essential
nutrients
Sugar
source
Protein
source
• Nitrates
• Molasses
• Phosphates
M.Abdelaaty
Carbon source
Sugar, crude oil
For aerobic cultures
Oxygen
M.Abdelaaty
M.Abdelaaty
Injection
Huff and Puff
Microbialflooding
M.Abdelaaty
M.Abdelaaty
Stimulation
INJECTION
Nutrients
Microbes
Water
M.Abdelaaty
Stimulation
SHUT - IN
M.Abdelaaty
Stimulation
PRODUCTION
From the same well
Production
M.Abdelaaty
M.Abdelaaty
Enhancing waterflooding
M.Abdelaaty
M. Fathy
Interfacial tension
Water mobility
Oil mobility
M. Fathy
Interfacial tension
Mechanism
Reduction of IFT
Product
Bio-surfactant
M. Fathy
Water mobility
Mechanism
Selective plugging
Product
Bio-polymer
M. Fathy
Water mobility
M. Fathy
Water mobility
M. Fathy
Water mobility
M. Fathy
Water mobility
Mechanism
Water thickening
Product
Bio-polymer
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Dissolution of carbonates
Product
Organic acids
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Dislodge debris
Product
Bio-gas
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Emulsion
Product
Organic alcohols and bio-surfactant
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Swelling
Product
Bio-gas
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Oil dissolution
Product
Organic solvents
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Heat
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
Mechanism
Oil bio-degradation
M. Fathy
Oil mobility
M. Fathy
M.AbdelMawgod
M.AbdelMawgod
Factor
Limits
Optimum
50 – 170 F
100 – 120 F
< 8000 ft
3000 – 6000 ft
3 – 30 %
> 10%
> 50 md
100 – 300 md
M.AbdelMawgod
> 20 cp, < 200 cp
> 50 cp
M.AbdelMawgod
Factor
Limits
Optimum
0 -15 %
< 20 %
< 10 %
< 150,000 ppm
< 200 ppm
< 100 ppm
5-9
6-8
Carbonate,
Sandstone,
Granite, others
M.AbdelMawgod
Carbonate
M.AbdelMawgod
Factor
Limits
Paraffinic,
Asphaltic,
Naphthenic,
Olefinic
> 15
> 25 %
Optimum
Paraffinic/Asphaltic
30 -40
50 %
M.Abdelmawgod

Important in MEOR project.

Designing microbial treatment.

Identifying the directional flow characteristics of the
reservoir.
Mostafa

Characterized by core analysis

The effect of clay minerals in the pores.

The effect of rock mineralogy on transport of
microbes.
Mostafa



Water and oil samples were analyzed for microbial
content.
These microorganisms might have adverse effect on
the injected MEOR system or may be beneficial.
Indigenous microbes are used widely in the MEOR
systems.
Mostafa


Ensure that the indigenous SRB* are either not
stimulated or over grown.
SRB can produce H2S.
Mostafa
*SRB: Sulfate Reducing Bacteria


Compatibility testing of fluids must be performed
with cores.
These tests will yield estimates of oil recovery
efficiency.
Mostafa


Compatibility testing with nutrients must be
performed with cores .
The difference of nutrient composition affects the
microbial growth and activity.
Mostafa
Phase 1
Phase 2
Lab. Test
Pilot Test
Phase 3
Field project scale
Mostafa
Mostafa
Well: Low production
Oil production: 20 bbl/day
Objective: Well clean-out
Doaa
-Bacillus
-Clostridium
Up to 105 to 106
cells/ml
-Molasses (4 %)
-(NH4)3PO4 (0.02 %)
Doaa
Process:
Huff and Puff
Shut-in for 4 weeks
Increase production 350 %
Doaa
Problem:
High oil viscosity (21 API)
Unfavorable mobility ratio
Inefficient waterflooding
M.Alaa
-Clostridium:
High producer of CO2
and alcohols
-Water 10,000bbl
-Free corn syrup
200,000lb
-Some mineral salts
M.Alaa
Process:
Injection
Shut-in for 7 days
Returning to production
M.Alaa
Results:
Reduction of oil viscosity by CO2
Improve mobility ratio and sweep efficiency by
organic butanol
Leading to enhancing oil recovery
M.Alaa



Microbes and nutrients are relatively cheap
materials.
Cost is independent on oil prices.
Implementation needs minor modifications to field
facilities.
M.Alaa


Economically attractive for marginal producing
wells.
The total cost of incremental oil production from
MEOR is only 2 – 3 $/bbl.
M.Alaa
Incremental oil cost, $/bbl
Surfactant
Thermal
CO2 Injection
Polymer
Waterflooding
Total recovery, % OOIP
MEOR
M.Alaa
Enas
Mineral content
Increasing salinity absorbs
water from the microbe and
negatively affects its growth
Enas
Reservoir parameters
Permeability, temperature, pressure,
salinity, pH, …etc
affects selection of our types and our
growth
Enas
Lack of experience
Study of bacteria metabolism, and
relation to subsurface environment,
need great effort
Enas
Sulfate-reducing bacteria
Produce H2S and SO2
Causing bio-corrosion of the equipment,
and contamination of ground water
Enas
More friendly
Produce organic chemicals
less harmful than synthetic
chemicals used by other
EOR methods
Enas

EOR Methods are specific for specific reservoirs.

Usage of microbes is to produce Bio-chemicals.

Effect of reservoir conditions.

MEOR is economical method.
Shady
• Donaldson, E.C.; Chilingarian, G.V.; and Yen, T.F., "Microbial Enhanced Oil
Recovery,“ Vol. 22, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989
• El-Tayeb, S.A.; Abdallah, Abdel Waly; Sayyouh, M.H. and Samir, M.A., “Tertiary Oil
Recovery from Egyptian Reservoirs by New Method (Bacteria for Increasing Oil
Recovery),” Report 1; Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty
of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt, Jan, 2003
• Sayyouh, M.H.; Al-Blehed, M.S.; and Hemeida, A.M., "Possible Applications of
MEOR to the Arab Oil Fields," Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 5, Engineering
Sciences, No.2 (1991)
• Al-Blehed, M.S.; Sayyouh, M.H.; Shoeb, H.A.; Awwad, A.M.; Desouky, S.M.; and
Hemeida, A.M., "Laboratory Investigation of Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery,"
Journal of King Saud University, Vol. 8, Engineering Sciences, No.2 (1994)
• L. Bryant, Steven, The University of Texas at Austin; and P. Lockhart, Thomas SPE,
Enitecnologie, " Reservoir Engineering Analysis of Microbial Enhanced Oil
Recovery," SPE 63229 presentation at the 2000 SPE Annual Technical Conference
and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, 1–4 October 2000
• M. Amro, Mohamed, SPE, King Saud University, "Multidisciplinary Challenge for
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)," SPE 120820 presented at the 2008
Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium held in Alkhobar, Saudi Arabia, 10–12
May 2008
• Maudgalya, Saikrishna, SPE, Anadarko Petroleum Corp.; and M. Knapp, Roy, SPE;
and J. McInerny, Michael, SPE, University of Oklahoma, Norman, “Microbial
Enhanced oil Recovery Technologies: A Review of the Past, Present, and Future,"
SPE 106978 presented at the 2007 SPE Production and Operations Symposium
held in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, U.S.A., 31 March–3 April 2007
• R. Vazquez-Duhalt and R. Quintero-Ramirez (Editors), “Studies in Surface Science
and Catalysis 151,” Chapter 15, Biotechnological approach for development of
microbial enhanced oil recovery technique, Fujiwara, K.; Sugai, Y.; Yazawa, N.;
Ohno, K. ; Hong, C.X. and Enomoto, H., Elsevier B .V., 2004
• Feng, Qing-xian; and Zhou, Jia-xi, SPE, Chen, Zhi-yu; Wang, Xiao-lin; and
Ni, Fang-tian, SPE, and Huai-jun Yang, Research Centre of Dagang Oilfield
Company, PetroChina, “Study on EOR Mechanisms by Microbial Flooding,” SPE
79176 presented at the 26th Annual SPE International Technical Conference and
Exhibition held in Abuja, Nigeria, 5-7 August, 2002
• Kowalewski, E.; Rueslatten, I.; Boassen, T.; Sunde, E.; and Stensen, J.A., Statoil
ASA.; Lillebo, B.L.P.; Bodtker, G.; and Torsvik, T., UNIFOB AS, “Analyzing Microbial
Improved Oil Recovery Processes from Core Floods," IPTC 10924 presented at the
International Petroleum Technology Conference held in Doha, Qatar, 21 – 23
November,2005
• http://www.bioportal.gc.ca
• http://www.agen.ufl.edu
• http://www.msstate.edu
• http://www.bnet.com
• http://www.microbesinc.com
• http://www.teriin.org
• http://www.titanoilrecovery.com
• Prof. Dr./ Mohamed Helmy Sayyouh
Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Cairo University
• Prof. Dr./ El-Sayed Ahmed El-Tayeb
Mining, Petroleum and Metallurgical Department, Faculty of
Engineering, Cairo University