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LOCKPORT CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT
PROGRESS MONITORING
SOCIAL STUDIES
GRADE 8.
The Lockport City School District’s eighth grade curriculum includes a study of United States history from
Reconstruction to the present, with an emphasis on the social history and development of contemporary
America.
STUDY GUIDE 3
Students will understand how our economy was affected by our emerging world leadership.
THE ROARING TWENTIES
Political Changes
 Prohibition (21st Amendment) – Banning of the production of, sales, consumption and transportation of
alcohol
o Lead to an increase of organized crime and illegal activities among honest American’s
 Tea Pot Dome Scandal – Taking public land for private use by the government which lead to increased
distrust of the government
Social Changes
 First Red Scare – Fear of a communist take over in the United States – due to the successful revolution
in Russia.
 Scopes Trial – theory of evolution was debated in court (Nature vs. Nurture)
 Women expressed themselves (flappers) by cutting hair, wearing short skits and being more rebellious
– lead to the more modern woman
 Great Migration – African Americans left the south for factory jobs in the North
Harlem Renaissance
 Birth of African American literature, music (Jazz), art, and culture that came out of Harlem, NY.
Economy was booming after WWI which made the depression that followed even harder for
people.
Practice Questions:
Correct responses are marked with an asterisk (*)
1. Which statement is an opinion about the United States in the 1920’s?
a. The United States became a more urban society.
b. Industrial working conditions and wages improved.
c. Women increased their presence in the workforce.
d. The 1920’s were the wildest times of the 1900’s.*
2. The "Harlem Renaissance" refers to the
a. artistic style of the first settlers in New York
b. African-American soldiers in World War I
c. African-American literary and artistic achievements of the 1920s*
d. rebirth of Hispanic culture in New York during the 1920s
Study Guide – 8 Social-Q2-V12008
3. The 1920's are sometimes called the "Roaring Twenties" because
a. foreign trade prospered after World War I
b. the United States assumed a leadership role in world affairs
c. political reforms made government more democratic
d. widespread social and economic change occurred*
4. Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Bessie Smith made significant contributions to the Harlem
Renaissance in the field of
a. music*
b. painting
c. poetry
d. sculpture
5. Which characteristic of the 1920s is best illustrated by the Red Scare, the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti, and
the activities of the Ku Klux Klan?
a. increased nativism*
b. belief in unlimited progress
c. growth in humanitarian causes
d. faith in big business
6. Which is the most valid generalization to be drawn from the study of Prohibition in the United States?
a. Social attitudes can make laws difficult to enforce*
b. Increased taxes affect consumer spending
c. Morality can be legislated successfully
d. People will sacrifice willingly for the common good
Study Guide – 8 Social-Q3-V12008
GREAT DEPRESSION
Reasons
 Stock Market Crash October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday)
 Unemployment Rates Skyrocketed
 Weather Problems hurt Agriculture
o Dust Bowl in Kansas – drought lead to great works of literature like “Grapes of Wrath”
 Huge irreconcilable debt could not be paid back so banks lost money
Results
 Government of Harding and Coolidge, and Hoover could not solve the problems
 Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) solved the problem
o New Deal – many government funded programs to stimulate the economy, and provide jobs.
 Relief - Immediate action taken to halt the economies deterioration
 Recovery - "Pump - Priming" Temporary programs to restart the flow of consumer
demand
 Reform - Permanent programs to avoid another depression and insure citizens against
economic disasters
 FDIC – Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation – Insured consumer’s money in
the bank restoring confidence in the banking system
o Fireside Chats – FDR talked with the American people and improved the confidence of the
people and trust in the government
 Depression ended when the US began manufacturing for and mobilizing for WWII.
Practice Questions:
Correct responses are marked with an asterisk (*)
1. Missing questions
Study Guide – 8 Social-Q3-V12008
WORLD WAR II & THE HOLOCAUST
World War II (abbreviated WWII or WW2), or the Second World War, was a worldwide military conflict
which lasted from the late 1930s to 1945. This global conflict split a majority of the world's nations into two
opposing camps: the Allies and the Axis. Spanning much of the globe, World War II resulted in the deaths of
over 60 million people, making it the deadliest conflict in human history
 War Begins
o Rise of Fascism and Totalitarianism in Europe (Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin)
o Appeasement – France and Brittan allowed Hitler to take Czechoslovakia
o Hitler invades Poland – Brittan and France declare war on Germany
 On the Home Front
o US neutral at first
o Pearl Harbor – attacked by Japan December 7, 1941 and the United States declared War on
Japan
 Axis System – Germany supported Japan and Italy
 Allied System – US supported Soviet Union, France Brittan and China
o Preparing for War
 “Rosy the Riveter” – many more jobs for women
 African American’s more accepted to fight in the war
o Japanese Internment Camps – all Japanese American’s were forced to relocate into
government run camps due to fear of the Japanese following Pearl Harbor
 War in Europe
o Blitzkrieg Tactics – (lightning war or quick strike and take over) utilized by the German Army
o Major Battles
 Stalingrad – Russians stopped the Nazi advance
 D-Day – June 6, 1944 - First US offensive lead on Normandy that war a great success
o US Advanced into Germany in May of 1945 – Allies converged on Berlin and Nazi Germany
surrendered
 War in the Pacific
o Island Hopping – tactic the US used for attacking Japan
 Battle of Midway – US defeats Japan’s Navy at Midway and Japan continues to retreat.
o Kamikaze – Japanese suicide attack tactic that was considered honorable where pilots crashed
planes into target
o Atomic Bomb
 August 6th – Hiroshima
 August 9th – Nagasaki
o Japan surrenders on September 2nd 1945 to the US
 Consequences and Early Cold War
o The Holocaust
 German attempt at Genocide of the Jewish people. Over 6 million European Jews were
murdered
 Concentration Camps – forced labor camps that the Jews were sent to where
they worked and were exterminated
 Nierenberg Trials – People could be tried for atrocities (personal actions taken in the
Holocaust) committed during war time
o Reasons for the Atomic Bomb (Truman’s Decision)
 An assault on Japan would have cost the American’s and estimated 1 million lives and
billions of dollars
 Forced an immediate surrender
o Yalta Conference – Peace conference in February of 1945 that set up arrangement following
an Allied victory – set up the United Nations
Study Guide – 8 Social-Q3-V12008
o
Potsdam Conference – July 1945 – Discussed arrangements of how Germany was going to
be occupied (divided into four zones) – this lead to the Cold War between the US and Soviet
Union who did not agree with this arrangement.
Practice Questions:
Correct responses are marked with an asterisk (*)
1. Missing questions
Study Guide – 8 Social-Q3-V12008