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Download Heart Glossary – 20 Words You Should Know
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Transcript
Kacher DHSHP Revised 7/09 Cardiovascular Words You Should Know Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) A bulge that weakens a part of the aorta, the main artery of the body. If untreated, it can burst. This results in death in nearly 80% of cases. Angina pectoris Suffocating pain (angina) of the chest (pectoris). Angina is a result of the oxygen demands of the heart not being met Angioplasty A tiny balloon is passed into a blocked area of an artery. When the balloon is inflated, it presses the plaque that is causing the blockage against the blood vessel wall, freeing blood flow. Arrhythmia Irregular heartbeats Arteries Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to the different tissues of the body. Asystole Absence (a) contraction (systole). Asystole is when the heart has stopped beating. Atherosclerosis A build-up of fat (cholesterol) within the artery wall. This build-up is sometimes referred to as "plaque." Plaque can block the artery and reduce blood flow. AV node Atrioventricular node; specialized conduction tissue found in the right atrium. It is the electrical connection between the atria & ventricles. Bradycardia An abnormally slow heartbeat, usually less than 50 beats per minute. Bundle of His The part of the Purkinje system that connects directly to the AV node. It later breaks into two separate tracks (right and left bundle branches). CHF Congestive heart failure Coronary arteries Arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) An operation performed to get past blocked arteries of the heart and deliver blood to areas that aren't receiving enough. Coronary artery disease (CAD) A disease usually caused by atherosclerosis. CAD can cause less blood to be supplied to the heart. Defibrillation When a high-energy electrical impulse is used to stop fast, abnormal heartbeats. The shock restores the heart's normal rhythm. Defibrillator A device that gives out a high-energy electrical impulse to stop very fast and abnormal heartbeats and returns the heart to a normal rhythm. Diastole The period of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are relaxed Ejection fraction The volume of blood that is pushed into the aorta during systole (55 to 70%). EKG (ECG) Electrocardiogram; tracing over time of the electrical activity of the heart muscle. Fibrillation Erratic, chaotic contractions of the heart muscle. Atrial fib can be cardioverted. Ventricular fibrillation is not compatible with life. Flutter An extremely fast coordinated heartbeat (200 – 350 bpm) usually occurring Cardiovascular Glossary 2 only in the atria. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) A device placed in the chest that monitors the heartbeat (also known as an automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator—AICD). When the heart beats too fast, the ICD delivers a high-energy electrical impulse to restore a regular heart rhythm. Ischemia Reduced (isch) blood (emia). A condition of inadequate blood flow to a tissue. Ischemia to the heart can cause angina and if present long enough, infarction. Leads The wires that connect the pulse generator to the heart. They carry information on how the heart is beating to the pulse generator and carry electrical impulses from the generator to the heart. Myocardial Infarction (MI) When a part of the heart muscle dies because blood flow is interrupted. Symptoms may include nausea, shortness of breath, and pain in the chest, arm, or neck. Also called " heart attack." Pulse generator The part of the pacemaker or defibrillator system where the electrical impulses are created. Purkinje fibers Specialized conducting cells found in the ventricular septum of the heart. They transmit the impulse from the AV node to the myocardium. Sinoatrial (SA) node Specialized myocardial tissue found in the upper wall of the right atrium. The SA node is the pacemaker of the heart. Sinus rhythm Normal heart rate. Stent A tiny metal tube that is put into an artery during an angioplasty. The stent holds the artery open and makes sure blood flows through the artery. Stricture Narrowing of passageway. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) When untreated electrical problems in the heart cause death. Sudden cardiac death is usually caused by heart rhythms that are too fast. This condition is also called "cardiac arrest." Sudden cardiac death is different from a heart attack, which is caused when blood flow is interrupted and the heart is damaged. Syncope Temporary loss of consciousness due to reduced blood flow to the brain. A common symptom of cardiac arrhythmias. Systole The part of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Tachycardia An abnormally fast heartbeat, usually more than 100 beats per minute.