Download PHYSICAL SCIENCE EOCT

PHYSICAL SCIENCE EOCT
Final Study Guide
PHYSICS
VI. MOTION and FORCE:
Ch. 2/3
1.) What is the difference between speed and velocity? Velocity shows
direction
2.) What is the acceleration at:
a. constant speed: ___0_______ m/s
b. gravity: ______9.8____ m/s
3.) What is the speed of aardvark that runs 10 meters every hour (convert
hour to seconds!)? 10/3600=.003 m/s2
4.) What is the acceleration of a car that goes from 0 to 60 m/s in 30
seconds? (remember units) 2m/s2
5.) Define Net Force: total amount of force exerted on an object.
6.) If the Net Force is 0, the objects have ___balanced_________ forces,
which do not move.
7.) What’s the difference b/t friction and air resistance? Friction is
opposition of an object by another object. Air resistance is opposition of
an object by air particles.
Law
1st
2nd
3rd
8.) Newton’s Laws:
Explanation
Objects in motion stay in motion=inertia
F=ma
Action/reaction
Example
seatbelt
Pushing a kid on a swing
Rocket launching
VII. WORK and ENERGY
CONCEPT
Work
Power
Mechanical
1.) Fill in Table:
EXPLANATION
Amount of force in a given
direction
Work in a certain amount of
time
How much or how many times
Ch. 4/5
UNITS
Joules
EQUATION
W=fd
Watts
w/t
No unit
Depends on the
Advantage
Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy
a machine makes work easier
Energy of position
Energy of motion
Joules
Joules
4.) Simple Machines LEVERS and INCLINED PLANES
SIMPLE MACHINE Explanation
Levers
1st Class: fulcrum in the middle
2nd Class: output in middle
3rd Class: input force in middle
Pulleys
Multiple or movable pulleys increase
the mechanical advantage.
EVERYONE KNOWS THAT! :D
Wheel and axle
Large wheel rotating on a smaller
axel
Inclined Planes
Multiply and redirect the force
machine
mhg
1/2 mv2
Examples
1st: seesaw
2nd: wheelbarrow
3rd: Ax, Golf club
Block and tackle
Steering wheel
ramp
Wedge
Multiply and redirect force
axe
Screw
Inclined plane wrapped around a
cylinder
Light bulb
5.) The sum of kinetic and potential energy is the ___mechanical______ energy.
6.) The source of all energy comes from the___sun_________.
7.) Law of Conservation of Energy states: Energy cannot be created or destroyed,
only changed.
VIII. Heat
Ch. 6
1.) What is Absolute 0:
the point where all particles stop moving 0k
2.) Fill in the Energy Transfer table:
Energy Transfer Explanation
Example
Conduction
Transfer of energy by touching
Lizard on a heat rock
Convection
Transfer of energy by the
Boiling water, mantle
movement of fluids (air) (currents) of earth
Radiation
Transfer of energy by
Standing around a
electromagnetic waves
fire, heater
3.) Define Specific Heat: amount of heat energy required to raise 1kg of a
substance 1 °C
4.) What substance has a high specific heat: __insulators____________
5.) If something is a good conductor then the specific heat is __low______.
****Explanation---Conductors heat up fast, so they don’t take much heat to
raise their temperature. This makes their specific heat lower than an insulator
that takes a lot more heat!!!
6.) Label the parts of the equation: Energy=cm(change of t) Energy=specific heat
(mass)(Change in temp)
IX. Waves
Ch. 10/11/12/13/14
Type of Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
Longitudinal
Transverse
Definition
From Long to Short
R, M, I, V, UV, X, G
Moves in direction of
particle—slinky
Moves perpendicular to
partical--Water
DRAW
1.) What types of waves do NOT require a medium:____electromagnetic_______
2.) What type of waves DO require a medium:_mechanical_________
3.) Label the following Transverse Waves: (Insert center line)
Amplitude/Crest/Trough/Wavelength
4.) Define AND give an example:
a. Reflection: When a wave hits a barrier and bounces off---Mirror
b. Refraction: When a wave hits a new medium at an angle and bends--Pencil in water, rainbow
c. Diffraction: When a wave bends around a barrier---window blinds,
hearing a sound around a doorway
d. Constructive Interference: When a wave interacts with another wave,
causing the amplitude to increase---Adding another speaker to make the
sound louder.
5.) Compare frequency and pitch? Frequency is the number of waves that pass a
given point in a given amount of time…pitch is the high or low of the sound as
caused by frequency---high frequency=high pitch
6.) Explain the properties of Sound:
a. infrasound: sounds below normal human hearing---20 hz
b. ultraasound: sounds above normal human hearing---20000 hz
7.) Explain the properties of Light :
-particle using photons and waves
--travels with no medium
--amplitude=brightness
8.) Understand:
X. Electricity/Magnetism
Ch. 7/8
1.) What type of circuit is this: parallel
2.) What type of cell is a car battery? __wet______________
3. What determines the brightness of a light bulb’s filament: energy running
through the bulb
4. What is the unit for the following:
a.Resistance
_Ohms____________
b. Potential Difference
__Volts___________
c. Current
__Amps___________
d. Power
_Watts____________
5. What is Ohm’s Law?
V=IR It explains the relationship between current, resistance, and voltage.
6. What are two ways to transfer electrons to create a charge:
Touch, friction, induction
7. Put the following in order from least resistance to most resistance.
Conductors, insulators, superconductors, and semiconductors.
Super conductor, conductor, semiconductor, insulator
8. Lights connected in a single pathway are considered a _____series_____ circuit.
9. Draw a schematic drawing of a simple circuit:
10. What is the difference b/t AC and DC? AC alternates and DC doesn’t
11. If a 250 W heater has a current of 5.00 A, what is the resistance of the heating
element?_____10 Ohms_______________
Convert watts to volts using P=VI so 250W=50 Volts
Then use V=IR to solve for R.
12. Draw an iron nail, showing the random magnetic domains:
(Figure 7 Ch. 8)
13. Draw an iron nail, showing the aligned magnetic domains with:
(Figure 7 Ch. 8)
See Abov
13. What is an electromagnet? A magnet produced by an electric current running
through a coil of wire
14. Draw a bar magnet and label the field lines?
15. What are the differences b/t a motor and a generator? An electric motor converts
electrical energy to mechanical energy. A generator converts mechanical energy
to electrical energy.
16. What are the differences b/t a step up and a step down transformer? Step up
transformers increase voltage as electricity leaves the power plant, step down
transformers decrease the voltage as it leaves your house