Download Study Guide - Universe Exam key 2014-15 v2

Study Guide – Universe Exam
Name____________________________________ Per________
1. Describe the model that was used in the activity titled “Our Expanding Universe.” We used a balloon and put dots on
it to represent galaxies.
a) How was this model useful? Showed us how galaxies move away from each other as it expands.
b) Name 2 limitations of this model. It has boundaries and will pop.
2. Draw and label a diagram of the geocentric and heliocentric model of the universe. Label the major components.
Heliocentric
Geocentric
3. Complete the following table by placing a checkmark in each cell where appropriate.
Single Point
Exploded
Big Bang
Oscillating
Steady State
x
x
Expansion
x
x
Contraction
Stays the
Same
x
Involves a
“Big Crunch”
Static
x
x
x
x
Dynamic
x
4. Make a drawing of each type of galaxy and label them. Include 1-2 facts about each one. Indicate which one
represents our own galaxy. Spiral Galaxy looks like a pinwheel and is the type of galaxy we live in.
Elliptical galaxies look like flattened balls. The most common.
Irregular Galaxies have no real shape and are the least common.
5. If a star is 5.7 light years away from earth, how many miles is this? (One light year = 6 trillion miles)
34.2 trillion miles…. A light year is a measure of distance
6. Explain the difference between red shift and blue shift. Which one supports the Big Bang Theory?
Widely
Accepted
x
A red shift is when the wave length as seen from the observer’s perspective has increased and is on the red end of the
spectrum. A blue shift as seen from the observer’s perspective is when the wave length is decreasing and on the blue
end of the spectrum.
7. Explain how energy is created by a star. What elements are involved? How is gravity involved?
Gas and dust for a nebula and if there is enough mass, then gravity will pull the particles together and fusion will begin.
The majority of the gas is in the form of hydrogen. (H)
8. How are the following related to each other? star, solar system, galaxy, universe
Our solar system has one star, the Sun. Our galaxy(Milky Way) has billions of stars. Our Universe has billions of
Galaxies.
8. Diagram the life cycle of a star. How does mass affect the life cycle?
High mass stars :Nebula to protostar to main sequence to Super red giants then Supernova then Neutron star If it is an
extremely high mass star it will end as a black hole.
Low Mass Stars: Nebula to protostar to main sequence to red giant to white dwarf to black dwarf.
9. Spectral lines produced by a stationary star are shown in the diagram below. Use the blank rectangle to show what
would happen to the spectral lines if the star was moving away from the observer. (Red shift)
Red – Orange – Yellow – Green – Blue – Indigo - Violet
Not moving
Lines would shift to the left.
Moving away from observer (red shift)
10. Refer to an HR Diagram to answer the following:
a) What color are stars that have a temperature range between 3,500o K and 5,000o K? red red-orange
b) True or False - Red Giants have a higher temperature than White Dwarfs. False
c) How are color and temperature related? Red to blue = cooler to hotter
d) How is luminosity and temperature related in the Main Sequence stars? They are equal
e) In what two ways are the stars Sirius B and Regulus alike? Similar in temperature