Download Continuity and Change over Time Practice 2006 WHAP/Napp The

Continuity and Change over Time Practice 2006
WHAP/Napp
The Question:
2006 Change over Time Essay from the World History AP
Analyze the cultural and political changes and continuities in ONE of the following
civilizations during the last centuries of the classical era.
Chinese, 100 C.E. to 600 C.E.
Roman, 100 C.E. to 600 C.E.
Indian, 300 C.E. to 600 C.E.
Do Now:
“In 370 C.E., steppe nomads began to invade across the thousands of miles from central
Asia, bringing pressure to bear on the whole of Europe. In response to this pressure, the
Goths began to migrate westward, pushing more vigorously into Roman territories. These
massive Germanic invasions upset the rough balance of power that existed between Rome
and the Goths, and threatened the stability of the empire. Ultimately, the Goths formed
their own states within the imperial territories. A second Germanic emigration occurred
about 500 C.E. as a response to floods in the areas of north Germany and Denmark.
Among the emigrant Germanic groups, the Saxons sailed across the North Sea and the
English Channel to Britain, where they came to form a substantial part of the population…
‘Barbarian’ tribes continued to breach the imperial borders and defenses. Valentinian I
(r. 364-375) was the last emperor capable of driving them back effectively. From this time
on, impelled by the invasion of the Huns, the Germans pushed against Roman defenses in
increasing numbers. In 378 Valentinian’s brother, the eastern Emperor Valens (r.364378), lost two-thirds of the eastern armies – and his life – in battle against the Visigoths at
Adrianople. Valen’s successor, Theodosius I (r. 379-395), who ruled from Constantinople,
settled Visigoths within the empire, requiring them to provide soldiers and farmers for the
imperial armies and lands. This ‘federate’ status for Goths and other ‘barbarians’ became
a common pattern, with Goths, Franks, Alans, and Vandals settling within the imperial
armies and lands…The empire was Roman in name, but was a mixed enterprise in terms of
population, armies, and leadership…In 476, the German general Odoacer deposed the last
Roman emperor in the west…” ~ The World’s History
“When the Western Roman Empire fell, western Europe was left in chaos that resulted
from the collapse of the political, social, and military order formerly imposed by Rome.
Continuing invasions and conflicts among the invaders left the successor states in jeopardy,
and in this uncertain environment they sought and gradually built a new political and
economic order. New infrastructures were built within the framework of the Christian
church based in Rome, which provided a cultural unity throughout Western Europe
despite the lack of political centralization. Although Christianity had come too late to
provide the necessary cultural glue to hold the Roman Empire together, it served that
purpose during the Early Middle Ages in Europe, enabling the area to regain economic,
political, social, and military organization that had been lost when Rome feel.” ~ World
History
A- Using the reading passage, identify a change and a continuity.
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The Basic Core Rubric:
*Has an acceptable thesis. [1 Point]
*Addresses all parts of the question, though not necessarily evenly or thoroughly. [2 Points
but Partial Credit May Be Given]
*Substantiates thesis with appropriate historical evidence. [2 Points but Partial Credit May
Be Given]
*Uses relevant world historical context effectively to explain continuity and change over
time. [1 Point]
*Analyzes the process of continuity and change over time. [1 Point]
Remember the Expanded Core Points:
*Expands beyond the basic core of 1 – 7 points.
Questions:
1- What must an acceptable thesis for the CCOT essay contain?
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2- What does it mean that all parts of the question must be addressed although not
necessarily evenly or thoroughly?
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3- What is historical evidence?
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4- Explain “world historical context.”
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5- What must the student analyze?
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6- How might a student “expand” beyond the basic core?
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In the CCOT essay, chronology and historical dates matter. It is perhaps easiest to identify
changes. Look at the following timelines and identify one cultural or political change in
each timeline. Of course, date the change.
Chinese 100 CE
Chinese 600 CE
Roman 100 CE
Roman 600 CE
Indian 300 CE
Indian 600 CE
Of the three timelines, which was easiest in terms of identifying a change?
___________________________________________
Why?
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Now, it is time to identify a continuity. Changes are usually obvious but continuities can be
more difficult to identify. However, cultures rarely “die.” As such, ideas often survive
even when dynasties or empires collapse. Identify one cultural or political continuity for
each of the following timelines:
Chinese 100 CE
Chinese 600 CE
Roman 100 CE
Roman 600 CE
Indian 300 CE
Indian 600 CE
Of the three timelines, which was easiest in terms of identifying a continuity?
___________________________________________
Why?
______________________________________________________________________________
Now, select the time period that was easiest in terms of identifying a change and a
continuity and write a valid thesis statement for this CCOT:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Explain the change using world historical context:
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Analyze either the change or the continuity:
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
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Two Reading Passages to Practice Identifying Changes and/or Continuities:
“Like the Western Roman Empire, the Han Empire was beset by nomadic invasions
during its latter years. When the dynasty fell in the early 3rd century C.E., China
fragmented into regional kingdoms that fought constantly with one another for almost 400
years. This Era of Division saw the Chinese bureaucracy collapse, and the position of the
scholar-gentry declined sharply as families with large landholdings vied for power. NonChinese nomadic warlords ruled much of China, and Buddhism gained popularity,
challenging Confucianism as the prime cultural force in East Asia. Without a central
political force to maintain it, the Great Wall was poorly defended and did little to keep
nomadic people from crossing it to raid the kingdoms. Trade and city life declined
throughout the bickering kingdoms, reminiscent of the Warring States Period that
occurred between the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. Just as Shi Huangdi emerged to unite
China at the end of the Warring States Period, a member of a prominent north Chinese
noble family rose to reunite China at the end of the 6th century to establish the Sui Dynasty.
Although the Han and Roman Empires suffered many of the same setbacks that led to their
downfall, Chinese civilization eventually rose again, whereas Roman civilization
disappeared forever…The Sui restored Confucian rituals from the Han dynasty.”
~ World History
Questions:
1- Identify one cultural or political change in China from 100 C.E. to 600 C.E.
________________________________________________________________________
2- Identify one cultural or political continuity in China from 100 C.E. to 600 C.E.
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“In the early 4th century C.E., a new empire rose to centralize power once again, although
it never was as large as the Mauryan Empire had been. The Gupta Empire began in the
same powerful area, Magadha, with its founder, Chandra Gupta, modeling himself after
the Mauryan founder by borrowing his name. The Gupta Empire was not only smaller,
but it also never had as much control over regional lords as the Maurya had, particularly
under Ashoka. The Gupta did not build a genuine bureaucracy to rule their subjects, but
instead were content to draw tribute from them, allowing regional warrior elites a great
deal of autonomy to rule their areas.” ~ World History
The Gupta presided over a resurgence of Sanskrit literature and Hindu philosophy…This
was especially an age of the resurgence of Hindu religious authority, and major systems of
Hindu philosophy were articulated…The caste system was elaborated and enforced in
more detail…In the fifth century, new conquerors came through the passes of the
northwest, overthrowing the Gupta Empire and establishing their own headquarters in
Bamiyan, Afghanistan.” ~ The World’s History
Questions:
1Identify one cultural or political change in India from 300 C.E. to 600 C.E.
________________________________________________________________________
2Identify one cultural or political continuity in India from 300 C.E. to 600 C.E.
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