Download File - Mrs. Ward World History

The Geography and City-States of
Ancient Greece
I. Classical Civilizations
A. After the river valley era, a number of classical civilizations developed in the ___________________and in ______
B. Classic cultures created high levels of achievement in ____, ___________, and _________________that impacted
____________ages
C. The first major classical civilization was ancient _________
II. Ancient Greece
A. The Impact of Geography on Greece
1. SURROUNDED BY WATER: Greece’s lack of natural resources and ____________on the Mediterranean Sea
encouraged Greek ________with neighboring societies; the Greeks were __________ __________, which linked the
various Greek states with neighboring countries
2. COVERED BY MOUNTAINS: Mountains covered
about ____ of Greece; these barriers _________
the Greek people into separate mountain valleys
and made unifying Greece nearly impossible
3. The Greek people were divided into
________________ city-states (called ________)
within each valley and its surrounding mountains
B. Greek Culture
1. Despite their lack of __________, the Greeks
shared some common characteristics:
a. Greeks shared the same _____________
b. Greek ___________was influenced by the
Phoenician alphabet and later became the
basis for Latin
c. Greeks were polytheistic and believed that the _______ were immortal, but also that they had ____________
_____________; religion became the basis for Greek mythology
d. Greek city-states had an _________ (a massive marketplace) that was the center for trade and government; citystates had an ______________, a temple on a hill dedicated to one of the sacred gods or goddesses
2. Differences Among the Greek City-States: despite similar language and religion, the Greek polis were very
______________ from each other, especially in how they were ______________
a. Some polis had a _____________, a government ruled by a ________
b. Some polis had an _______________, a government ruled by _______ ___________
c. Some polis like Sparta had an _______________, a government ruled by a small group of ___________
d. Some polis like Athens had a _________ _______________, a government ruled by ___________ _____ _______
on decisions
C. The powerful Greek city-states __________ and __________represented the greatest ________________ among polis
1. ATHENS: Athenian society focused on wealth and ___________:
a. Athens had a direct democracy in which both ________ and ________ citizens could vote and hold public office
b. ______________built the Parthenon to honor the goddess Athena; the Greeks were known for _____________
______________ whose style can be seen in many modern buildings in several countries
c. __________created realistic sculptures; ____________had both comedies and tragedies
d. ____________________Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle questioned assumptions, quested for knowledge, and used
___________ to find answers to questions
e. The Greek cultural contributions (especially from Athens) to philosophy, art, __________________, literature,
______________, science, education, and ______________formed the foundation of Western civilization
2. SPARTA: The society of Sparta focused on ___________ ____________, not freedom, art, and learning (like Athens)
a. Spartan boys left the home at ____ ____and lived in an army
barracks; until the age of ____, they trained, exercised, and _________;
Spartan men stayed involved with the military until ____ ___
b. This system produced _______, ________ ___________; the
Spartans were taught to put military service above everything, even
family
c. Spartan ____________ran the family estates while the men were
training or fighting; this was different from other Greek city-states,
where women had _________ _______in society
d. The women were also taught to value service to Sparta above __________; they would often say to sons and
husbands before they went off to _______: “Come back WITH your shield… or ON it.”
3. THE GRECO-PERSIAN WARS: The Spartans showed their __________during the wars with _________
a. King Darius’ army was defeated by several Greek city-states when some ____________living in the Persian
Empire’s territory ____________
b. Persia’s next king, __________, never forgot this defeat and decided to teach Greece a lesson; he led his massive
forces in an ____________of Greece
c. In the Battle of Thermopylae, a small ___________force of only _____ ___________ (supported by some soldiers
from other states) managed to hold off the Persian invaders and inflict terrible losses
d. Even though the 300 soldiers were all _________, their actions ____________the various Greek city-states to
work together and defeat Xerxes
4. THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR: _________and _________ worked well together against Persia, but after that war, they
____________for influence in Greece; this rivalry would lead to ___________
a. The war between Sparta and Athens was called the __________________ _______(named after the southern
part of Greece, where Sparta was located); Sparta won, but the war left all of Greece _______________
b. The Peloponnesian War left the weakened Greece open to be ________________,which is what happened
when ________________ invaded