Download Ethanol as a solvent


describe the dehydration of ethanol to ethylene and identify the need for a catalyst in this process and the catalyst used

describe the addition of water to ethylene resulting in the production of ethanol and identify the need for a
catalyst in this process and the catalyst used
 process information from secondary sources such as molecular model kits, digital technologies or computer
simulations to model
-
the addition of water to ethylene
the dehydration of ethanol
Ethanol and Ethene
An alternate source of ethene is by the dehydration of ethanol. Ethanol is
heated (300oC) in the presence of a concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst in a
dehydration reaction.
CH3-CH2-OH
Conc. H2SO4
CH2 = CH2
+
H2O
The reverse reaction, the addition of water to ethene is possible using a
dilute sulfuric acid catalyst and heat (350oC).
CH2 = CH2

+
H2O
dil. H2SO4
CH3-CH2-OH
describe and account for the many uses of ethanol as a solvent for polar and non-polar substances
Ethanol as a solvent
Ethanol is a common solvent and is used for things such as:
o Cosmetics (perfume, aftershave)
o Food colouring & flavouring (vanilla essence)
o Medicine (antiseptics)
o Cleaning agent (methylated spirits)
It is a good solvent as it has both a polar (-OH) and non-polar (CH3-CH2-)
end.
H H
δnon-polar end H C
C O
polar end
+
H δ
H H
This makes it soluble in both polar liquids (water) and non-polar liquids
(petrol).
Types of Alcohols
Alcohols can be classified as:
the carbon the –OH group is attached to joins one other
carbon (i.e. on the end of a carbon chain)
the carbon the –OH group is attached to joins two other
carbons (i.e. in the middle of a carbon chain)
the carbon the –OH group is attached to joins three other
carbons (i.e. in the middle of a carbon chain and opposite a
methyl, ethyl etc. group)
Primary:
Secondary:
Tertiary:

identify the IUPAC nomenclature for straight-chained alkanols from C1 to C8
Naming Alcohols
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Count the number of carbons in the longest chain.
Add “an” is no double bonds.
is more than one –OH group add di, tri etc.
add “ol” to the end.
add the lowest possible number(s) of the carbon atom(s) the –OH
groups are attached to.
add any other side groups.
-e.g.-
CH2-CH-CH2-OH
Cl
OH
5
2
4
3-chloro-1,2-propandiol
6
1
3