Download Notes Unit 5 Part 4

BIOLOGY NOTES
EVOLUTION PART 4
PAGES 517-535
NAME:
DAY / MOD:
DATE:
Standards:
____ Describe how and why organisms are hierarchically classified and classified based on evolutionary
relationships
____ Discuss the use of molecular clocks to estimate how long ago various groups of organisms diverged
evolutionarily from one another
____ Discuss distinguishing characteristics of the domains and kingdoms of living organisms
____ Explain the reason for changes in how organisms are classified
Essential Question:
1.
I. Classification
 Taxonomy = the science of ________________ and classifying organisms
 Carolus Linnaeus is the first to propose a universal _______________ and develops a hierarchical system
of classification based on binomial ____________________
 binomial nomenclature = two word naming system in which each _______________ is given a two
word scientific name known as the _______________ and __________________
e.g.
 The Linnaeus system of classification still used today includes: ___________________, phylum,
______________, order, _____________, genus, and __________________
e.g.

Modern taxonomy now classifies organisms based on their _______________ characteristics as well as
their ______________________ relationships
 phylogeny = the _________________ history for a group of __________________
 cladogram = a diagram that shows the common ________________ and derived
_______________________among a group of organisms
 derived characters = traits that can be used to understand _________________ relationships because
they are shared among some ___________ but not others
 Phylogeny has recently been highly supported using research in ____________ sequencing
e.g.
 molecular clock = a model scientists use to compare mutation rates in ________ sequences in order to
________________ the time two species have evolved independently of each other
A. Current Classification Systems
 Over time, and with more __________________ there have been several “upgrades” to the taxonomic
system
 Modern taxonomists group living organisms within ____ Kingdoms:
1. Bacteria – prokaryotic, unicellular _______________ or heterotrophs that have cells walls with
____________________
e.g.
Range, A.
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2. Archae – prokaryotic, unicellular ________________ or heterotrophs that do not have cell walls with
_______________________
e.g.
3. Protista – mostly unicellular; all _________________; autotrophs and __________________
e.g.
4. Fungi – multicellular, eukaryotic ___________________ with cell walls made of ________________ ;
_________________ that absorb nutrients
e.g.
5. Plantae – autotrophic, multicellular ______________________
e.g.
6. Animalia – heterotrophic, multicellular ___________________
e.g.

In the last decade, advancements with ______ sequencing and through the use of __________________
clocks, scientists have added a _______________ group to the taxonomic classification which is
_______________ than a kingdom
1. Domain Eukarya – _____________________
2. Domain Bacteria – unicellular and ___________________; cell walls with peptidoglycan
3. Domain Archae - unicellular, prokaryotic, and must have lack of ___________________; cell walls
without peptidoglycan
STUDENT SYNTHESIS
To demonstrate knowledge of the information contained within these notes, within the space below EITHER 1. Create two higher
level test questions and answers based on the information OR 2. Write a comprehensive summary of the information
Range, A.
Unit 5 Page 2D