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AP Chem
CH 21: Nuclear Chemistry Independent Study
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Read CH 21 and answer the following questions.
1. Write the nuclear equation for decay of plutonium 242 by alpha emission.
2. What is meant by mass defect?
3. Describe how alpha, beta, and gamma rays each behave when passed through an
electric field. Draw a picture.
4. Why is it not possible to eliminate the hazard of nuclear waste by the process of
incineration?
5. 21.2
6. 21.6
7. 21.8
8. 21.12 a and b only
9. 21.14 a and b only
10. 21.17
11. 21.24
12. How does a nuclear reactor work?
13. A sample is found to contain 1.50 mg of iodine-131. The sample is examined
again later and found to contain 1.30 mg of iodine-131. How much time passed
between the determinations of the amount of iodine-131 sample?
14-24.Answer the multiple choice questions attached and free response question
25. Read about Japanese nuclear power plant accident. Write facts about the
accident and current effects. ( ½ page)
Multiple Choice
30. When 214
84 Po decays, the emission consists consecutively of an alpha particle, then two beta particles, and
finally another alpha particle. The resulting stable nucleus is…
210
206
208
210
(A) 206
83Bi (B) 83Bi (C) 82Pb (D) 82Pb (E) 81Tl
38. The radioactive decay of 146C to 147N occurs by the process of…
(A) beta particle emission (B) alpha particle emission (C) positron emission
(D) electron capture
(E) neutron capture
18. For the types of radiation given, which of the following is the correct order of increasing ability to
penetrate a piece of lead?
(A) Alpha particles < gamma rays < beta particles
(B) Alpha particles < beta particles < gamma rays
(C) Beta particles < alpha particles < gamma rays
(D) Beta particles < gamma rays < alpha particles
(E) Gamma rays < alpha particles < beta particles
38.
Cf  2 01 n +
251
98
131
54
Xe + ____
What is the missing product in the nuclear reaction represented above?
(A)
11 4
42 Mo
(B)
11 8
44 Ru
(C)
120
42 Mo
(D)
12 0
44 Ru
(E)
12 2
46 Pd
68. The specific rate constant k for radioactive element X is 0.023 min−1. What weight of X was originally
present in a sample if 40 grams is left after 60 minutes?
(A) 10 grams
(B) 20 grams
(C) 80 grams
(D) 120 grams
(E) 160 grams
21. Correct statements about alpha particles include which of the following?
I. They have a mass number of 4 and a charge of +2.
II. They are more penetrating than beta particles.
III. They are helium nuclei.
(A) I only
(B) III only
72. The nuclide
(A)
245
94
Pu
245
96
(B)
(C) I and II
(D) I and III
(E) II and III
Cm is radioactive and decays by the loss of one beta particle. The product nuclide is…
245
95
Am
(C)
248
96
Cm
(D)
250
96
Cm
(E)
245
97
Bk
48. If 87.5 percent of a sample of pure Iodine-131 decays in 24 days, what is the half-life of Iodine-131?
(A) 6 days
(B) 8 days
(C) 12 days
(D) 14 days
(E) 21 days
U + n → Cs + 3 n + X
23.
Neutron bombardment of uranium can induce the reaction represented above. Nuclide X is which of the
following?
235
92
(A)
92
35
Br
(B)
94
35
Br
(C)
91
37
1
0
141
55
1
0
Rb
(D)
92
37
(E)
94
37
Rb
Rb
FREE RESPONSE
Answer each of the following questions regarding radioactivity.
234
94
a)
Write the nuclear equation for decay of
Pu by alpha emission.
b)
Account for the fact that the total mass of the products of the reaction in part (a) is
slightly less than that of the original 234
94 Pu.
c)
Describe how , , and  rays each behave when they pass through an electric field.
Use the diagram below to illustrate your answer.