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City States of Mesopotamia I. Geography a. “Fertile Crescent”: Area between … b. Tigris & Euphrates Rivers i. Flows SE into Persian Gulf ii. Mesopotamia = “_________________________________________” iii. Annual flooding of rivers left __________ => II. Humans’ arrival a. People moved into area after __________________ BC b. Why settle here? i. River valley had . . . ii. Access to major body of water => iii. Rivers allowed for easy _____________________ c. Challenges to settlers i. Annual flooding was unpredictable ii. Small, narrow area with … iii. Limited natural resources => d. Solutions i. ____________________ projects ii. Built ____________ around cities, for protection iii. ___________ for scarce goods with neighboring regions III. City states of Mesopotamia a. City States => i. Culturally _____________________ ii. Politically _____________________ iii. Economically _____________________ iv. Militarily _____________________ (raiding, not conquest) b. Political power i. Irrigation projects needed . . . ii. Priest-King served as … iii. Religion was the basis of political power 1. City state’s gods owned all land 2. Priest-king served as ______________________ of gods 3. “Priest-kings” ruled society iv. After 3000 BC, war became more common and . . . 1. Fought other city states => 2. Established dynasties a. Kings passing power to … b. Dynasties established from … c. Cultural Diffusion i. Idea or product spreading . . . ii. Spread mainly by __________________ iii. What ideas were spread through cultural diffusion? 1. Layout of __________________ 2. ________________ beliefs 3. _____________________ organization 4. Technology IV. Case Study: Sumerian Culture a. Religion i. Polytheistic (means … 1. About _____________ gods in all ) 2. Gods were __________________ and all powerful 3. Many had human traits ii. Built ziggurats to please the gods 1. Temples were… 2. _________________________________ from Bible was a ziggurat b. Science and technology i. Inventions 1. Wheel (used for both ______________ and _________) 2. Sail helped _________________ 3. Plow improved _____________________ 4. Metallurgy a. Pre 3000 BC = copper => b. Post 3000 BC = bronze => 5. Sun dried bricks used in building; why mud? => 6. Cuneiform a. First system … b. Used wedge shaped reed pressed into . . . c. Tablet then fired in ___________ to create... d. What records kept? => 7. Number system was base __________ => c. Sumerian Hierarchy i. (see social pyramid, to right) ii. Women had many rights, but . . .