Download Shawn Smith`s notes 12-06

12-06
The Pancreas
Produces several hormones (we’ll discuss only 2)
1. Insulin- released when [glucose] blood gets too high
Effects of insulin:
 Causes cells to increase glucose uptake (move glucose across cell
membrane into the cytosol). – Cells burn more glucose
 Causes liver to convert glucose to glycogen
2. Glucagon- released when [glucose] blood gets too low.
Effects of Glucagon:
 Causes cells to burn fat as fuel instead of glucose
 Causes liver to convert glycogen to glucose
The Adrenal Gland- sits atop kidneys
Adrenal Cortex produces 3 hormones that you are responsible for (all are steroid
hormones)
1. Cortisol- released during times of stress (initiated by ACTH from pituitary)
 Causes cells to burn fat & amino acids, saves glucose
 Causes liver to convert glucose to glycogen
 Decrease immune system
2. Aldosterone- increases Na+ (sodium) reabsorption in kidneys (increase # of Na+
pumps & channels) (increase H2o reabsorption due to osmosis)
 Triggered by low blood volume and by decreased Na+ (osmolarity) of blood
3. Testosterone- needed for both men & women
 Effects metabolism, muscle & bone growth etc.
Adrenal medulla- releases epinephrine released when sympathetic NS is activated.
The reproductive system
Male reproductive system