Download Short-term causes of WWI (1905-13)

SHORT-TERM CAUSES OF WWI
(1905-13)
Mr. Richards
2015-2016
Short term causes of World War I
THE FIRST
MOROCCAN
CRISIS OF
1905
French Cartoon-Stock Photo 1905
MAPS OF AREA
A WORRIED GERMANY
New BritishFrench
relationship
(Entente
cordiale)
Germany sought
to cause friction
between the two
BRITISH-FRENCH ENTENTE
Provisions allowed for mutual
recognition of colonies
Britain supported a French
takeover of Morocco->one of
the last independent African
states
France recognized British
control of Egypt
GERMANY ON THE
OFFENSIVE
Promised to defend
Moroccan
independence
Demanded an
international
conference
Cultivated an
atmosphere of crisis
and threat
CONFERENCE: ALGECIRAS,
SPAIN 1906
France finally agreed
to meet
The British backed
the French
The Germans had
little support and were
defeated
RESULTS OF THE 1ST MOROCCAN
CRISIS
Germany gained no
notable concessions in
north Africa
Germany failed to
undermine Entente
Cordiale-strengthened
it!
Germany now seen as
the key threat to British
interests
Assignment
CARTOON
ANALYSIS
1. Look at the cartoon on pg. 18 in
CPEW
2. What is the German view of the entente
cordiale, according to the cartoonist?
Short term causes of World War I
THE BOSNIAN
CRISIS OF
1908
&
BACKGROUND
Short term causes of World War I
THE
BOSNIAN
CRISIS OF
1908 MAP
Short term causes of World War I
1ST MOROCCAN CRISIS FALLOUT
1907 – Britain and Russia
sign Anglo-Russian
entente
Germany forges closer
relationship with AustriaHungary
Would have an impact in
Bosnian crisis
DECLINING OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Young Turks Revolution 1908
The "eastern question"
Austria-Hungary annexes
Bosnia and Herzegovina
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
ANNEXATION
Occupied by AustriaHungary since 1878
Still formally Turkish
Caused outrage in Serbia
who wanted to absorb
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
ANNEXATION
Secret approval by
Russia with
contingency…
Russia demanded
support for their own
treaty revisions in
Bosporus and
Dardanelles region
Austria-Hungary
annexed before
Russia could gain
international support
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY & RUSSIA:
STRAINED RELATIONS
Russia did not want to
give Austria control
over fellow Slavs
Germany promises
Austrian support
Russia had little
support from Britain &
France
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY & RUSSIA:
STRAINED RELATIONS
Russia weakened by
war with Japan; had no
other recourse
Russia agreed to
recognize annexation
Short term causes of World War I
RESULTS OF
THE BOSNIAN
CRISIS OF
1908
RESULTS OF THE BOSNIAN CRISIS
Russia suffers international
humiliation & begins to rearm
Serbia is enraged – increasing
nationalism
The German-Austrian alliance
appeared stronger
Ends era of cooperation in the
Balkans between Russia and
Austria-Hungary
Germany encourages AustroHungarian expansion
Short term causes of World War I
THE SECOND
MOROCCAN
(AGADIR)
CRISIS -1911
THE SECOND MOROCCAN
(AGADIR)CRISIS – 1911
In 1911, France
sends troops to
Morocco to quell
revolt
Germany sees this
as a French
takeover
Sends a gunboat
(the Panther) to
Agadir
MAP OF AREA
AGADIR
A small port on morocco's
Atlantic coast
Germany sought
compensation for France's
action
Germany demanded the
French Congo!
"GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY"
Coined by the British
– implying the threat
of war
Britain worried about
an Agadir acquisition
– a threat to their
naval base
THE "MANSION HOUSE SPEECH"
Given by Britain's chancellor of
the exchequer David Lloyd
George
Intended to warn Germany
Bridging would not stand by while
"her interests were affected"
Turned the Franco-German crisis
into an Anglo-German issue
RESULTS OF THE AGADIR CRISIS
Germany obtained two
strips of French Congo
territory
Hostile German public
opinion to the settlement
Strengthened AngloFrench entente
Increased Anglo-German
tension & suspicion
CLASS ACTIVITY (PAGES 21-22)
Short-term causes of World War I
THE FIRST
BALKAN
WAR
– 1912
Short-term causes of World War I
THE BALKAN ALLIANCE
Formed by Serbia,
Greece, and
Montenegro
Encouraged by Russia
Key objective – force
Turkey from the
Balkans by taking
Macedonia and dividing
it up
FIRST BALKAN WAR – 1912
Turkey was weak
by war with Italy
one year prior
Almost totally
driven from
Balkans in seven
weeks
Austria horrified
by a strengthened
Serbia
FIRST BALKAN WAR – 1912
Austro-Hungarian
generals call for war
Danger: Russia would
support Serbia causing
wider European war
British foreign
secretary Sir Edward
Grey calls London
Peace Conference
Short-term causes of World War I
FIRST BALKAN WAR – RESULTS OF
CONFERENCE
Former Turkish lands
divided up between
Baltic states
Austria-Hungary gets
conference to contain
Serbia by creating
Albania
Creating Albania
strategically landlocks Serbia
Short-term causes of World War I
THE
SECOND
BALKAN
WAR – 1913
SECOND BALKAN WAR – 1913
Bourne of disagreements
from first Balkan war
Bulgaria – vs – Serbia
and Greece over Serbian
occupation
Bulgarians- too many of
their people living in
areas annexed to Serbia
and Greece
Namely: Macedonia and
Salonika
SECOND BALKAN WAR – 1913
Austro-Hungarian
foreign minister:
Count Leopold
Berchtold
Asked for German
assistance for fear of
Russian aid of Serbia
Germany urges
restraint
SECOND BALKAN WAR – 1913
Serbia/Greece/Turkey defeat Bulgaria
SECOND BALKAN WAR – RESULTS
Serbia again
successful and
doubles in size
An increase of
nationalist feeling in
Serbia and among
Slavs
Serbia demonstrates
its military strength –
200,000 man army
SECOND BALKAN WAR – RESULTS
Austria-Hungary now
convinced it must crush
Serbia
Diplomatic defeat for
Germany
Strengthened German
ties with Austria-Hungary
CLASS ACTIVITY 1
Questions from page 24
Read pages 24 to the top of page 27
Do student study section Pages 26-27
CLASS ACTIVITY 2
Primary source document analysis regarding pressing
issues of the time.
Each group will analyze the document(s) at the respective
tables using OPVL and discuss meaning/importance.
Each group will then report to the class their findings.