Download Mycology 2002 A joint structure for all the fungi? An Hyphae

Mycology 2002
1. A joint structure for all the fungi?
A. An Hyphae
B. Mycelium
C. Capsule
D. Wall
E. Conidia
2. Web mushrooms
a. Aren't able to penetrate into tissues
b. Able to penetrate into tissues using a hydrolytic enzymes
c. Able to penetrate into tissues using a mechanical force
d. Cannot be killed by macrophages
e. Answers a+b are correct
f. Answers b+c are correct
3. Conidia is:
a. A type of Hyphae
b. A septum between cells inside a thread
c. A way of reproduction (distribution)-non sexual
d. A way of reproduction (distribution)-sexual
e. A symbiotic form between a yeast and a alga
4. The mushrooms are never:
a. Parasites
b. Saprophyte
c. Heterotroph like
d. Photoautotrophic
e. Facultative anaerobes
5. Dicarione is a form of a cell with:
a. A diploid nucleus
b. 2 haploid nuclei
c. 2 diploid nuclei
d. A nuclear genome and a mitochondrial genome
e. 2 nuclei with a septum between them
6. A fungal taxonomy is based on:
a. The cell shape (a Hyphae or a Ascomycota)
b. Morphology of the way of reproduction (semination bodies) –
nonsexual
c. Morphology of the way of reproduction (semination bobies)- sexual
d. Biosynthetic characters
e. Wall structure
f. Answers c+d are correct
g. Answers b+e are correct
7. The cell wall at the end of the Hyphae is not fully rigid. Resistance for
osmotic pressure achieved by:
a. Increase of the crosslinking at the end of the hyphae
b. Increase in the density of the microtubules at the end of the hypae
c. Condensation of the Chitin at the end of the hypae
d. Increase in the density of the actin skeleton at the end of the hypae
e. Condensation of mannoproteins at the end of the hypae
8. In the heterothallic fungi, sexual reproduction between elements from the
same colony is avoided because:
a. Incompatibility between receptors and lactins on the cell wall
b. Incompatibility between receptors and secreted pheromones
c. Incompatibility between the methylation model of the DNA, which causing
foreign DNA disassembly
d. Lack of genetic complementation between cells from the same colony
9. Karyogamy:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Is not necessary a part of all sexual life circuit
Always occurs after plasmogamy in a sexual life circuit
Always occurs right after plasmogamy in a sexual life circuit
Always occurs right after myosis in a sexual life circuit
Does not exist in heterothallic fungi
10. Which are the most common ways for the fungus to penetrate the body?
a. Through saliva
b. Hurt skin
c. Inhalation
d. Answers a+b are correct
e. Answers b+c are correct
f. All answers are correct
11. Indicate which of the following fungi cause systemic infections:
a. Aspergillus
b. Microsporum
c. Trichophyton
d. Epidermophyton
e. Candida
f. Answers a+e are correct
g. Answers a+c+d are correct
12. Antropophilic fungi are:
a. Transferred from the ground to the human
b. Transferred from human to human
c. Transferred from the animals to human
d. Transferred from the animals to the ground
e. Non of the above
f. Answers c+d are correct
13. A 13th year old child was brought to a skin clinic, complaining about an
itch, a skin cicatrization was diagnosed. The direct surface and the Culture
were negative. After a talk with the parents it become evident that near the
house there are dogs and cats. Which of the following factors can be the
etiological factor for the disease?
a. Microsporum canis
b. Trichophyton rubrum
c. Trichophyton tonsurans
d. Epidermophuton floccosum
e. Candida albicans
14. Dermatophytes are fungi that:
a. Need aerobic conditions to grow
b. Always attack subcutaneous tissue
c. All the species make macrocondia
d. Can cause subclinical systemic infections
e. Can attack tissues which contain Keratin, like hair, skin and nails
f. Answers a+e are correct
15. In a microscopic examination of a hair from a boy with tinea capitis the
following was seen. Indicate which is the most probable etiological factor,
and how you would describe the situation shown in the photo:
a. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. Epidermophyton
c. Malassezia furfur
d. Candida krusei
e. Endothrix
f. Ectothrix
g. Answers a+f are correct
h. Answers a+e are correct
i. Answers b+e are correct
16. Here is a list of different fungi. Indicate which of the following fungi are
not dimorphic fungi:
a. Histoplasma
b. Blastomycisus
c. Coccidioides immitis
d. Cryptoccus neoformans
e. Aspergillus niger
f. Answers d+e are correct
g. Answers g+d are correct
h. Answers a+d are correct
17. Which of the following character would assist to distinguish candida albicans
from other candida species:
a. Formation of clamidosphores
b. Gram staining
Creation of germ tube
d. Assimilation of carbohydrates
e. Fermentation of carbohydrates
f. All of the above
g. Answers a+c+d+e are correct
h. Answers b+c+d are correct
18. A fungi in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was found in a laboratory
test. Which of the fungi below could be found and develop in such
system:
a. Histoplasma capsulaturn
b. Sprothrix schenkii
c.
c. Cryptococcus neoformans
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Coccidioides immitis
19. The disease called athlete's foot is also called:
a. Tinea invaginalis
b. Tinea manuum
c. Tinea corporis
d. Tinea barbae
e. Tinea capitis
f. None of the above
20. The disease favus is caused by the fungus:
a. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
b. Trichophyton schoenleinii
c. Trichophyton violaceum
d. Microsporum canis
e. Epidermophyton floccosum
21. The next sentence is refers to ringworn infections . mark all the correct
sentences:
a. Can be caused by Microsporum
b. The disease is transferred by touch with an infected human or animal
c.
The disease develops in the stratum corneum in the skin
d. This disease is also called tinea
e. Only answers a+b are correct
f. Only answers c+d are correct
g. All of the above
22. Indicate which of the following fungi is the cause for superficial mycoss
a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Malassezia furfur
c. Trichophyton rubrum
d. Candida albicans
e. Microsporum canis
f. Pitriospirum orbicularae
g. Answers b+c are correct
h. Anwers b+f are correct
i. Answers a+c are correct
23. Which of the following patients should be in solitary to prevent possible
transfer of the mycosis to another person?
a. A woman with candidiasis in the oral cavity
b. A middle aged man with lung coccidioidomycosys
c. A 6 year child with tinea capitis
d. A 10 year child with skin sporotrichosis
e. A woman with lung cryptoccosis
Answers a+C are correct
24. The capsular polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neofonnans:
a. Do not cause creation of antibodies in human
f.
b. Can be found in serum and the cerebrospinal fluid
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
25
Are essential for the valance of the fungus
Encourage phagocytosis
Can be used for sorting to different serotypes
Answers a+C+D are correct
Answers b+d+e are correct
Answers b+c+e are correct
All of the above
. The next sentences refer to mycotic infections. Indicate which of the
following are correct:
a. all the mycotic infections are opportunist
b. mycotic infections often appear in AIDS patients
c. there is no need isolating the disease factor to diagnose
d. it is recommended to treat patients using the right medications
e. the isolating methods in a lab – are entirely different from the
methods that are being used for bacterial identification
f. answers a+d are correct
g. answers c+d are correct
26. opportunistic mycotic infections occur more often in a population which is
exposed to different factors. Indicate which of the following sentences are not
correct:
a. usage of long term antibacterial medications, for a long timr
b. usage of medications that oppress the immune system
c. anti-diabetic medications
d. presence of T cells in excess
e. answers b+C are correct
f. answers c+d are correct
g. all of the above
27. A Leukemia patient complains about a cough and difficulties in
breathing. A roentgen exam of the left lung, showed an ulcer and
cavitation. In the sputum of the patient a hyphas with septums were found. In
the culture grew hypheas colony. A tuberculin test of he patient was
negative. The most probable diagnose is:
a. tuberculosis
b. mucormycosis
c. aspergillosis
d. candidiasis
e. cryptococcosis
28. the binding of polyanic drugs to the cytoplasmic membrane of fungi, is
causing primary:
a. hindrance in protein synthesis
b. loss of K+ ions inside the cell
c. accumulation of K+ ions inside the cell
d. hindrance of cell division
e. damage to the mitochondrion inside the cell
29. a man working as a gardener has noticed a scratch on his arm as a result of a
spine from a rose bush from the garden. 2 weeks later the wound has grown and
a granulometotic neoplasm was formed, which reached the lymph nodes. The
wound did not spread beneath the subcutaneous tissue. The patient did not
respond to the antibiotic treatment. Looking through a microscope on the
matter from the wound a yeast like material was seen. In a cloture which was
incubated in 37 ◦c yeast like colonies grew and in 25◦c hyphea colonies grew.
The most probable diagnosis is:
a. Sporotrichosis
b. Blastomycosis
c. Coccidioidomycosis
d. Histoplasmosis
e. Paracoccidioidomycosis
30. the next question refers to the chromomycosis disease. Indicate which of the following is
not correct:
a. this disease is caused by pigment fungi called dematiceus fungi
b. this is a deep-systemic mycosis
c. it can develop in patients with depressed immune system and also in those who don't
belong to this group.
d. is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia accompanied by gronulametotic nodules
e. hyphaic, mostly after a skin trauma
31. a 50 year old woman was brought to the ER, with a powerfull nose bleeding, face
swelling, these blains become necrotic. After 2 days a face paralysis develops. The patient is
known to be diabetic and passed away after 2 days. In a postmortem hystopatological test,
blains in different blood vessels were found, mostly in the face and brain area and also
hyphea without septum were found. This patient apparently died from:
a. Candidiasis
b. Gas gangrone
c. Erysipelas
d. Mucormycosis
e. Aspergillosis
f. none of the above
32. fungi and bacteria both have common characteristics. Which of the following characters
are common for the 2 of them:
a. The wall contain peptidoglycan
b. Sensitivity for pollianic medication
c. The ATP is formed in the mitochondrion
d. There is a membrane around the nucleus
e. The cytoplasm is wrapped in a cytoplasmatic membrane and a cell wall
f. Answers c+e are correct
g. Answers a+d are correct
h. Answers c+d are correct
33. a 32 year old man was committed in the ER with a fever, neck stiffness, headache and
nausea. It was found that near his home was a pigeons nest. In a microscopic examination in
the presence of CSF an yeast like. It is probable that the disease which the patient is
suffering from is:
a. Cryptococcosis
b. Blastomycosis
C. Mucormycosis
d. Candidiasis
e.Sporotrichosis
34. which of the following candida species creates germ tubes form?
a. Candida tropicalis
b.Candida krusei
c.Candida albicans
d.Candida pseudotropicalis
e.Candida parapsilosis
f.Candida dublinienzis
g.all of the above
e.answers c+f are correct
f.answers a+c are correct
35. the next questions refer to genital infection with candida albicans/ indicate which
of the following sentences are not correct:
a. the frequency of this infection is high among pregnant women
b. the infection can be transferred in a sexual touch
c. only harm the cervix of the uterus of women
d. is common only among population with depressed immune system
e. the final diagnosis is made by isolating the organism in a culture
f. answers a+b are correct
g. answers c+d are correct
h. answers b+e are correct
i. answers a+e are correct
36. the infecting unit in the coccidioidomycosis disease is:
a. macroconidium
b.arthrospore
c.microconidium
d.sferule
e.endospore
37. which of the following fungi that strike the central nervous system, cause the disease
with the fastest course:
a. Cryptococcus neoformans
b. Mucor sp.
c. Aspergillus sp.
d. Candida tropicalis
e. Coccidioides immitis
f. answers a+b are correct
e. answesr c+d are correct
g. answers b+e are correct
38. a method to recognize fungi which cause systemic diseases is by determining the
presence of exoantigens. Indicate in which of the following diseases you will expect to use
this test to diagnose the disease:
a. Penicilliosis
b. Coccidioidomycosis
c. Blastomycosis
d. Mucormycosis
e. Chromomycosis
f. answers b+c are correct
g. answers a+b are correct
h. answers c+e are correct
39. 28 year old leukemia patient, neutropenic after a chemotherapy treatment,
developed fever. Uren and blood samples were taken and an Intravenous treatment with
gentamicin was given. After few hours the fever did not descend, in spite of the antibiotic
treatment. Which are the most probable microorganisms responsible for the infection:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida tropicalis
Candida albicans
Rhizopus sp.
Malassezia furfur
Answers a+b are correct
Answers b+c are correct
Answers d+e are correct
40. in continuation to question 39, which treatment would you choose?
a.
Nystatin
b. Liposomal amphotericin B
c. Miconazole
d. Terbinafine
e. Griseofulvin
Question 41-45 refer to the operating mechanism of antifungal substance
The picture above is a scheme of a fungus cell. Different antifungal mendicants harm
different areas of the cell. The next questions refer to the operating mechanism of these
mendicants. Indicate in each question which of the following antifungal mendicants acts
according to the operating mechanism indicated in the question:
41. cell wall:
a. Griseofulvin
b. Nikkomycins
c. Polyenes
d. Allylamines
e. -5 Fluorocytosine
f. Azoles
g. Papulacandins
h. answers b+g are correct
i. answers d+f are correct
42. damage to the functions of the cytoplasmatic membrane
a. Griseofulvin
b. Nikkomycins
c. Polyenes
d. Allylamines
e. - 5 Fluorocytosine
f. Azoles
g. Papulacandins
h. answers b+g are correct
i. answers d+f are correct
43. damage to Sterol function:
a. Griseofulvin
b. Nikkomycins
c. Polyenes
d. Allylamines
e. - 5 Fluorocytosine
f. Azoles
g. Papulacandins
h. answers b+g are correct
i. answers d+f are correct
44. damage to nucleus division:
a. Griseofulvin
b. Nikkomycins
c. Polyenes
d. Allylamines
e. - 5 Fluorocytosine
f. Azoles
g. papulacandins
h. answers b+g are correct
i. answers d+f are correct
45. damage to the synthesis of the nucleus
a. Griseofulvin
b. Nikkomycins
c. Polyenes
d. Allylamines
e. -5 Fluorocytosine
f. Azoles
g. Papulacandins
h. answers b+g are correct
i. answers d+f are correct
46. which of the following patient it is recommended to treat with fluconazole?
a. a healthy woman with a positive skin test for coccidioidin
b. a child which in a direct test from a scale from his skin found hyphea
c. a child suffering from Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
d. a 27 year old man suffering from Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
e. answers b+d are correct
f. answers a+g are correct
47. the next few sentences refer to the form which the fungus appear in tissues.
Indicate which of the following sentences are correct:
a. Cryptococcus – yeast
b. Aspergillus-hyphea
c. Histoplasma-yeast
d. answers a+b+c are correct
e. answers c+d are correct
f. all of the above
48. in order to isolate fungi and yeast we use different bedding. Indicate on which of the
following beddings would not grow Asopergillus:
a. suvoro
b. suvoro + cycloheximid (actidion)
c. suvoro+ Chloramphenicol
d. yeast essence
e. yeast essence+ Chloramphenicol
49. the next sentences discuss
Mucormycosis. Indicate which of the following
sentences are correct:
a. patients with a immune deficiency are at a high risk of suffering from the disease
b. Invasive Mucormycosis is a fatal disease
c. the etiological factor - can be found only in some geographic areas
d. in the case of a systemic disease – blood culture are always positive
e. answers a+b are correct
f. answers c+d are correct
g. answers b+c are corrct
h. all of the above
50. an AIDS patient was committed to the hospital after complains which common to
a lung disease. In a bronchial rinsing cysts and trophozoites were found. It was sent to a
lab for a culture, but nothing grew. The most probable cause to the disease is:
a. Rhizopus
b. Pneumocystis carinii
c. Loboa loboi
d. Histoplasma capsulatum
e. none of the above
51. a blood for culture was sent to a lab from a neutropenian patient with a suspicion for
candidiasis. In the culture grew yeast. Which of the following tests would allow
unambiguous recognition of the yeast candida?
a. sugar assimilation
b. sugar Fermentation
c. formation of
germ tubes
d. gram staining
e. isolation on suvoro bedding
f. answers a+b are correct
g. answers b+c are correct
h. answers c+e are correct
52. lately a fungi that are resistant to antifungal materials were found. Indicate which of the
following sentences are correct:
a. most of the information on this resistance is known from studies with
C. albicans in
AIDS patients
b. the resistance can come from
c. the resistence to polians is very common
d. a combination between medication can help in some way to solve the resistance problem
e. answers a+c are correct
f. answers b+c+d are correct
g. all of the above
53. a 37 year old man known to be a leukemia patient was committed to a hospital,
complaining about back pains and neutropenia and fever. In an x-ray an infiltration to both
lungs was seen. Material taken from a biopsy (after bronchoscpy) was sent to a lab, and in a
culture after 4 days grew fungi with hyphea with clear septum. Mark all the correct answers:
a. the most probable diagnosis is Aspergillosis
b. the most probable diagnosis is Mucornmycosis
c. the best treatment is amphotericin B i.v
d. the patient must be in isolation not to infect all those around him
e. answers c+d are correct
f. answers a+c are correct
g. answers b+d are correct
54. a 23 year old woman, known to be using drugs, and HIV positive was directed to the ER
due to strong headaches, nausea and vomiting. A blood cultures were taken from the CSF
and I all of them grew yeast. Mark all the correct answers:
a. the women probably has Cryptococcosis
b. the women probably has Candidiasis
c. the mendicant to use is amphotericin B
d. .the mendicant to use is FLUCONAZOLE
e. answers a+d are correct
f. answers a+c are correct
g. answers b+d are correct
h. none of the above
55. dimorphic fungi or fungal dimorphism refers to:
a. the ability of fungi to create 2 types of candida
b. characterization of some fungi to form 2 types of huphea (+) and (-) in the same colony
c. the ability of fungi to grow in 2 different forms, yeast form and hyphea form, depending on
the environmental conditions
d. the ability of the fungi to go through miosis and nitosis
e. answers b+c are correct
f. answers a+b are correct
g. none of the above
56. indicate which of the following fungi are not regarded to be opportunistic fungi:
a. Candida albicans
b. Malassezia furfur
c. Trichophyton rubrum
d. Aspergillus fumigatus
e. Cryptococcus neoformans
f. answers a+b are correct
g. answers b+c are correct
h. answers d+a are correct
57. indicate which of the following fungi regarded to be fungi that can dissolve keratin:
a. Trichophyton rubrum
b. Aspergillus niger
c. Malassezia furfur
d. Microsporum canis
e. answers a+b are correct
f. answers a+d are corrct
g. answers b+c are correct
h. answers c+d are correct
58. the next question refers to the pathogentics of fungi. Indicate which of the
answers are correct:
a. a small number of fungi needed for a fungal disease to develop
b. most of the fungi have endotoxine and exotoxin
c. the capsule can be an important factor for violence
d. the cell vaccine is an important factor in defense from fungal diseases
e. answers a+b are correct
f. answers c+d are correct
g. answers b+c are correct
59. a patient with an urological illness suffers from blockage in the kidney due to stones
in the kidney, was connected to a kidney drainer (nephrostomy), his fever was 39◦c and it
was decided to give him Gentamycin i.v. afte 24 hours, his fever remained and he was
shivered. In the blood an urin cultures which were sent to the lab grew yeast. We can assume
that the most probable diagnosis is:
a. Candidiasis
b. Cryptococcisis
c. Histoplasmosis
d. Blastomycosis
e. answers a+b are correct
f. answers b+d are correct
g. all of the above
60. in the Macabya disaster sportsmen fell in to the Yarkon and suffered from many
symptoms. 2 people passé away from a fungus and the sporstwoman Sasha
Alterman was infected by a fungus, and yet did not recover. The disease factor that
was isolated from the cases above was:
a. Toxoplasma gondii
b. Pseudoallescheria boydii
c. Trichosporon beigelii
d. Trichophyton schoenleinii
e. Epidermophyton floccosum
61. there are fungi that are common in a population with repressed immune system. This
of the following fungi is the least common in this population:
a. Cryptoccocus neoformans
b. Candida dubliniensis
c. Mucor
d. Candida tropicalis
e. answers b+d are correct
62. here is a picture of a fungus. Accordind to the picture which fungus is it?
a. Histoplasma capsulatum
b. Coccidioides immitis
c. Pneumocystis carinii
d. Blastomyces dermatitidis
e. Epidermophyton fioccosum
63. dimorphism between a hyphea form and a form that execute endospherolation is
typical to :
a. C. albicans
b. C. immitis
c. H. capsulatum
d. C. neoformans
e. T. rubrum
64. in which temperature we should incubate a culture, in order to receive the hypheic form
(in dimorphic fungi):
a. 32◦c
b. room tempreture
c. 37◦c
d. 4◦c
e. none of the above
f. answers b+c are correct
65. here is picture of a skin biopsy, showing a tissue spherule. In your opinion what
fungus cause the disease?
a. Histopasma capsulation
b. Coccidioides immitis
c. Blastomyces dermatitidis
d. Trichophyton
e. Epidermophyton
f. Microsporum canis