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World History Study Guide: Test: Crusades to Reformation How was the Reformation a good example of Renaissance ideals? It was a time of change and people began to question authority Importance of Printing Press to Reformation. Used to spread Reformation ideas Definition of Reformation: People believed the church had become to powerful and they wanted to go back to more simple times Indulgence: pardon for a sin Churches abuse of indulgences: church sold them as a mean to make money Where were the following reformers from. What were their main problems with the Catholic Church? What was the outcome of their particular situation? Martin Luther: Germany; wanted to stop the sale of indulgences as well as have the people translate the Bible for themselves; he was excommunicated and eventually began the Lutheran Church John Calvin: Switzerland; God already knew if a person would be saved or condemned; Predestination; broke from the church and started Calvinism Henry VIII: England; wanted a male heir and a divorce; when it was not granted to him he left the church and started the Anglican Church Luther began the Reformation. The new churches that were formed as a result of the Reformation were called Protestant. Predestination means: it was decided in advance whether or not the person would be condemned or saved Calvin started the Reformed Church. Henry VIII broke from the Catholic Church in order to get a divorce. List three reasons why the Crusades were fought: reclaim the Holy Lands, set up trade centers and unite Christians Who called for the Crusades? Pope Urban What were the two sides that fought the Crusades? Christian and Muslims Overall, the Crusades were a failure for Christian Europe. List four long term effects of the Crusades: opened up trade routes, new knowledge, new technology, Europeans increase exploration Where did the Plague originate? Asia How did the Plague travel to Europe? From traders on caravans and ships How did the plague spread in Europe? It travels from person to person and along with trade goods What was the Plague cycle? Flea, rat, human, death. What were the effects of the Plague on the Church and Feudalism? People began to question authority and with so many people dead there was a demand for labor so wages increased and land was available A good definition of the renaissance is: rebirth or reawakening The Renaissance began in this location: Northern Italy. Why? They had a wealthy middle class who were patrons of the arts The time period of the Renaissance was during the 1400s. Humanism focused on human nature and the Classics. DaVinci painted the Mona Lisa. Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel. Raphael painted the School of Athens. Michelangelo sculpted the Pieta. Da Vinci painted the Last Supper. Printing Press helped Renaissance ideas spread quickly. Van Eych was from the Northern Renaissance and was the first to use oil paints. Three painting techniques developed during the Renaissance were: perspective, showing light with color, and realism. An important concept that developed during the Renaissance, influenced by the Northern Italian merchants was: individualism A patron was a person who supported the arts ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: HAHAHAHA You are on your own!! 1. Why did the Crusades weaken the authority of the Pope (Church)? 2. What effect did the Plague have on the Church and Feudalism? Why? 3. What changes took place during the Renaissance that made it a different period than the Middle Ages? 4. Why can it be said that the men who led the Reformation were living the Renaissance ideals?