Download Cold War Quiz

Cold War Quiz
In 1945 near the end of World War II the Allies founded the United Nations,
which is an international organization to promote world peace and progress. The
1._________ ___________ replaced the League of Nations. By creating the United
Nations, the world’s nations hoped to prevent future global 2.________. At the end of
the two world wars, Americans held very different beliefs regarding the role of the
United States in the world. After World War I Americans retreated into
3.______________, while after World War II Americans believed the United States had
an important role to play in world affairs. For example, after World War I, the United
States had refused to join the 4.__________ __ __________. In contrast, after World
War II the United States was one of the founders of the 5.__________ ___________.
In August 1945 American forces occupied Japan. Under the direction of the
United States, Japan’s government became 6.__________ and Japan became a strong ally
or friend of the United States. The situation in Europe was far more complicated. At the
end of World War II, Europe lay in ruins. The 7.________ _________’s troops occupied
most of Eastern and Central Europe, as well as the 8.__________ part of Germany. The
United States, Great Britain, and France occupied the 9.___________ part of Germany.
As a result, East Germany became 10.______________ and stayed under the control of
the Soviet Union.
Soon after World War II ended, the Cold War began. The Cold War was an
uneasy peace after World War II, marked by a fierce rivalry between the 11.__________
_________ and the 12._________ _________. In short, the 13.________ War was a
war of 14.________ between the United States and the Soviet Union, which lasted for the
next forty-five years. During this entire time, the 15._______ War set the framework for
global politics. Throughout the Cold War the values of the 16.____________-led
western nations differed from the values of the 17._________ ________ and its eastern
bloc allies. The western nations, including the United States, believed in democracy,
individual freedom, and a free market economy based on private ownership and profit. In
contrast, the eastern bloc nations, including the Soviet Union, believed in a totalitarian
government or 18.__________ ruled by 19.____________. These nations also had a
communist or socialist economic system. Socialism is an economic system in which the
20.___________ owns and controls the means of production.
After World War II, the United States adopted the anti-communist policy of
21.______________. Containment was the post-World War II American foreign policy
that tried to check the expansion of the 22.________ ________ and 23.____________
through diplomatic, economic, and military means. In other words, by means of the
containment policy the United States tried to contain or restrict 24.______________ to
those countries where it already existed. Containment intended to keep communism from
25.____________ to other countries.
The Truman Doctrine was President Harry S. Truman’s promise that the United
States would defend free peoples from subversion (overthrow of the government) or
outside pressure. The Truman Doctrine set precedent that the 26.______________ of
communism would be the basic principle of American foreign policy throughout the Cold
War. The 27._____________ _________ was a massive American financial aid
program to help European nations recover economically from World War II.
The Marshall Plan had a dual purpose. First, it was intended to rebuild the European
economy after World War II. Second, by contributing to the development of economic
prosperity, the Marshall Plan was intended to prevent the spread of 28.______________.
NATO stands for 29.___________ _____________ ____________
Organization. NATO is a defensive military alliance between the United States and
Western European countries to provide mutual aid in the event of armed attack. In other
words, for the members of NATO an attack on one nation would be considered an attack
on 30._____.
In 1949 two events increased American fears of communist domination of most of
the world. First, 31.___________, the world’s most populous nation, became
communist. Second, the 32._________ __________ exploded an atomic bomb. Many
Americans feared that communist spies held important positions in the federal
government, because of the trials of 33.________ ________ and 34.________ and
35._________ _____________. Alger Hiss was a federal government official who was
accused of passing (giving) secret documents to the Soviets in the late 1930s. Although
Hiss claimed he was innocent, he was convicted of 36.___________ and sent to prison.
Many Americans believed Hiss was guilty of treason. The American government also
learned that a spy ring had passed 37._________ secrets to the Soviets. This knowledge
led to the arrest of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. The Rosenberg’s were Americans who
had worked on the United States’ 38.___________ project. They were arrested for
passing atomic secrets to the 39.____________, convicted of 40._____________ or
spying, and 41._____________.
American fears of communism advanced the political career of Senator Joseph
McCarthy. Senator McCarthy played on American fears of communism by accusing
many American officials of being 42.____________. 43. ___________ was a term that
came to mean unfairly accusing others of disloyalty and subversion or threatening to
overthrow the government.
In 1950 the 44.___________ War became a major test for America’s containment
policy. The Korean War started when communist North Korea invaded non-communist
South Korea. After American forces counterattacked and drove deep into North Korea,
Communist China entered the Korean War. Dwight Eisenhower won the 1952
presidential election after promising to go to Korea if he became president. The Korean
War ended in a 45.___________ in 1953. Korea remained a divided country, but South
Korea was still free. Since the United States had prevented South Korea from falling
under communist control, the United States’ confidence in the 46.______________
policy increased.
As part of the containment policy, President Eishenhower adopted the policy of
massive retaliation. Massive retaliation was the Eisenhower administration’s threat of
swift, all-out military actions against a nation committing aggression against or attacking
an American ally. Because this policy flirted with nuclear war, later presidents backed
away from 47.____________ _____________. However, throughout the Cold War,
American presidents consistently refused to promise not to make a first strike
48.___________ attack against the Soviet Union.
In 1959 49._________ __________ led a communist revolution that took over
Cuba. Many anti-communist Cubans fled to safety in Florida. Because President
Eisenhower was very worried about the existence of communism in Cuba, he encouraged
the 50.____________ ______________ __________ (CIA) to develop a secret plan to
overthrow Castro. The CIA is the federal agency that coordinates the spy activities of the
United States government. The CIA planned the 51._______ of _______ invasion of
Cuba. The CIA trained anti-communist Cubans and landed them on the Cuban coast in
an attempt to lead the Cuban people in a revolt against Castro. Then in January, 1961
John F Kennedy became president. Kennedy went ahead with plans for the Bay of Pigs
invasion, but it was a complete 52.__________. The popular uprising against Castro
never happened, and Castro’s army captured or killed most of the American-supported
invaders.
In 1962 the 53.________ __________ placed nuclear missiles in Cuba. President
Kennedy learned that the Soviet Union had taken this action from American spy-plane
pictures. To stop the Soviet action President Kennedy ordered a Naval blockade of Cuba
and threatened to take further steps if the Soviets failed to remove their missiles. This
event, which became known as the 54.__________ _________ Crisis, threatened the
world with 55.___________ war. Nikita Khruschev was the leader of the Soviet Union
during the Cuban Missile Crisis. He and President 56.____________ worked out a deal
which ended this crisis. Under the terms of their agreement the Soviets agreed to
withdraw their missiles from 57._________, and in exchange the United States agreed to
remove its oudated missiles from 58.____________.
Despite the peaceful conclusion to the Cuban Missile Crisis, the threat of
59._________ war was always present during the Cold War. Americans tried to prepare
for a possible nuclear attack by conducting 60._________ drills to train children in case
of nuclear attack and by building 61.__________ shelters in the basements of their
homes.