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Name: Honors World History – Mr. Snead Athens Academy- Fall 2007 First Civilizations Study Guide: The Hebrews VOCABULARY Hebrews Phoenicians Abraham Moses Exodus David Solomon Nebuchadnezzar Yahweh Ark of the Covenant Ten Commandments Assyrians Persians Prophets Tanak Monotheism Canaanites Judges Israel/Judah Palestine Jebus/Jerusalem Philistines Saul Temple of Solomon Rehoboam Babylonian Captivity Politeuma Diaspora “El” Covenant Henotheists Animism Jeremiah, Isaiah, Hosea Ezra & Nehemiah Pharisees Sadducces Essenes Dead Sea Scrolls Deuteronomic Code Torah Jacob Joseph Judaism Aramaeans QUESTIONS 1. How did the Hebrew state and religion differ from that of the Sumerians and the Egyptians? 2. Discuss the development of Israel under David and Solomon. 3. Trace the development of the Hebrew concept of God. (Hint: 5 Stages) 4. How were the laws of the Hebrews different from laws found in the Code of Hammurabi? 5. Explain some of the basic fundamentals of Judaism. 6. List and explain six main contributions of the Hebrews for Western Civilization. 7. What role does the Hebrew Bible, more specifically the Torah, play in providing a history of the Ancient Hebrew civilization? 8. How did the influence of external forces (& civilizations) aid in the decline of the Hebrew Civilization from 1000 BCE – 70 CE? (Be sure to give examples.) 9. How has Judaism changed since the days of the ancient world? 10. Compare and contrast the contributions of Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Hebrews on Western Civilization. 11. Describe the Hebrew concept of the individual and moral autonomy. 12. Analyze the following statement: The Jews valued the future as well as the past. How does this statement explain the importance of their personal history? 13. Who were the prophets? What did they achieve for the Hebrews? 14. Be able to trace the history of the Hebrew people from Abraham (2000 BCE) until the Diaspora (70 CE). Palestine I. II. III. IV. V. VI. Canaanites & Phoenicians a. Canaanites proceeded the Israelites in Palestine i. Forced out into Phoenicia around 1200 BCE b. Phoenicians became a sophisticated urban and commercial power i. Great naval expertise The Old testament as a Historical Source a. Useful, not always literal, historical document b. Writers creatively used traditional materials and emphasized one god and the human relationship with him The Early Israelites a. Migrated into parts of Near East and Egypt (1800-1200) b. Moses unified many of these tribes under one god, Yahweh, and a complex code of ethically based laws c. Women restricted in early Israelite society The Israelite Monarchy a. Tribes successfully invaded Canaanite territory and formed a central government under a strong series of kings i. Saul, David, and Solomon b. Kingdom split into two parts (Israel & Judah) i. North conquered by Assyrians (722) ii. South fell to Chaldeans (586) The Faith and the Prophets a. Religion shaped by a series of prophets i. Emphasized corruption ii. Organized sacred writings The Jewish Legacy a. Traditions and religious beliefs i. Faith/History ii. Law iii. Monotheism