Download Non-seed Plants

Non-seed Plants
I. Algae
A. Characteristics
1. 900 million years old
2. lack true roots, leaves, and stems
3. lack tubes to transport water and
minerals
4. lack seeds
5. must live in water
6. three phyla – brown, red, and
green
II. Brown Algae
A. Sargassum – bubbles keep this brown colored algae floating
close to the surface, and extend for many miles providing home
to many organisms
B. Rock weed – grows on the rocky coasts attached to the sea
floor
C. Kelp – grows attached to the sea floor
D. Used for food in China, Japan, Ireland, Canada, New
Zealand, and other parts of the world
E. Algins and alginates are added to salad dressings, makes
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them smooth and keeps them from separating out
III.
Red Algae
A. grow to be several meters long
B. usually grow on rocks attached to the sea floor at depths up
to 170 meters, (accessory pigments are able to absorb the little
light that reaches this far)
C. red algae is added to soil and fertilizer, and is also used to
manufacture foods
1. carrageenan – chocolate milk, ice cream, |
creamy salad dressing, cake frosting
2. agar – jelly like nutrient mixture on which
bacterial cultures are grown
IV. Green Algae
A. May one day be used to make oxygen and feed astronauts in
space
B. Live in fresh water and moist areas on land, and inside other
creatures
C. Gave rise to land plants about 450 million years ago
V. Land Plants
A. In order to move onto land, plants
needed to overcome some obstacles.
Land Plants Need TO:
1. Support leaves and the body so they do not collapse.
2. Transport food, water, minerals and other materials to all
cells
3. Obtain water and minerals
4. Prevent water loss to the environment
5. Get the sperm and egg together for reproduction
B. Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts
1. tiny plants, live in moist areas (wet rocks, damp tree bark,
muddy banks of streams)
2. do NOT have supporting structures, they grow close to the
ground (what supports them) ___
3. do NOT have tubes to transport materials, water and
minerals move cell to cell because they are so small
4. always live in moist areas – do not worry about water loss
5. DO have “spores” with a water proof coat, the spores can
survive a dry season
6. Sphagnum Moss
a. added to soil as fertilizer
b. treats wounds
c. formed peat bogs
i. preserve organisms from the past
ii. used for fuel (industrial revolution in Great
Britain)
VI. Non-seed Vascular Plants – plants with tubes. (400 million years ago)
A. Vascular tubes1. offer support
2. obtain water and minerals (roots)
B.
C.
D.
E.
3. transport water, minerals, and food
4. leaves have a waxy coating to prevent water loss
Vascular plants have roots, stems, and leaves
1. roots absorb water and minerals, and anchor the plant to the
ground
2. leaves are made up of tiny leaflets, and have a waxy coating
3. stems are strong due to thick vascular tissue cells, and tend
to lay low on the ground
Non-seed vascular plants live in moist environments for
reproduction, the sperm must swim to the egg.
Ferns –
1. Uses – houseplants, food (fiddleheads), help other crops
grow (cyanobacteria that live on ferns produce fertilizer),
Horsetails and clubmosses are other types of non-seed, vascular
plants