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Hempfield School District Curriculum: Unit Template Course Title: Algebra II Unit Title: Polynomials and Polynomial Functions Names of Teachers who Developed Unit: Dates Developed: Approximate Dates when Taught During School Year: Approximate Number of Periods: Summary: Print Materials Needed: Resources: Internet Resource Links: Stage 1: Desired Results Essential Questions (Include PA Standards, Anchors & Eligible Content) Big Ideas: • Relations and functions are mathematical relationships that can be represented and analyzed using words, tables, graphs, and equations. • Families of functions exhibit properties and behaviors that can be recognized across representations. Functions can be transformed, combined, and composed to create new functions in mathematical and real world situations. • Bivariate data can be modeled with mathematical functions that approximate the data well and help us make predictions based on the data. • There are some mathematical relationships that are always true and these relationships are used as the rules of arithmetic and algebra and are useful for writing equivalent forms of expressions and solving equations and inequalities. • Probability expresses the likelihood that a particular event will occur. Mathematical properties can be used to determine a theoretical probability. Various counting methods can be used to develop theoretical probabilities. Essential Questions: • How do you identify and classify a polynomial function? 1 Hempfield School District Curriculum: Unit Template • How are the zeros of the polynomial function, the factors of the polynomial, and the solutions to the polynomial related? • How can synthetic division or long division of polynomials help graph or factor polynomials? • How do you solve polynomial equations? • What is the difference between a permutation and a combination? Assessment Anchors: Eligible Content: Know Understand Do Vocabulary: Students will understand: The Students will be Able to: Polynomial • A polynomial function • Identify a polynomial. Polynomial function can be written in the Degree form • Classify a polynomial by degree and p(x) an x n an 1 x n 1 ... a1number x a0 of terms. Standard form of a polynomial where n is a Degree of a polynomial nonnegative integer and • Find a polynomial function that Relative maximum models real-world data and use it to the coefficients an ,...,a0 Relative minimum make predictions. are real numbers. Factor Theorem Multiple zero • Write a polynomial in standard form. • A polynomial can be Multiplicity classified by its degree Synthetic division and/or number of terms. • Write a polynomial in factored form. Remainder Theorem Sum of cubes • The x-intercepts of the • Find the zeros of a polynomial Difference of cubes function. graph of a function are Rational Root Theorem called zeros because the Conjugates value of the function is 0 • Write a polynomial function form its Irrational Root Theorem at each x-intercept. zeros. Complex conjugates Imaginary Root • Find the multiplicity of a zero. 2 Hempfield School District Curriculum: Unit Template Theorem Fundamental Theorem of Algebra Permutation N factorial Combination • The expression x a is a factor of a polynomial • Divide a polynomial by a binomial if and only if the value a using long division. is a zero of the related polynomial. • Determine if a binomial is a factor of a trinomial. • If a is a zero of a given polynomial then a • Divide a polynomial by a binomial is a solution or root of using synthetic division. the equation. • Evaluate a polynomial using synthetic • Polynomial long division and the Remainder Theorem. division or synthetic division can be used to • Solve a polynomial equation by find the factors of a graphing. polynomial. If the remainder is zero, the • Solve polynomial equations by binomial is a factor of factoring and using the Zero Product the polynomial. Property. • If a polynomial is in factored form, you can use the zero product property to find the zeros of the function or solutions of the equation. • You can graph each side of a polynomial equation and find the x values at the point(s) of intersection. This method will only produce real number solutions. • The Rational Root Theorem, the Irrational Root Theorem, and the Imaginary Root Theorem can help find possible roots of a polynomial equation. • Factor a sum or difference of cubes. • Use the Rational Root Theorem to find a list of all the possible rational roots of a polynomial function • Find irrational and imaginary roots using conjugates or complex conjugates. • Write a polynomial equation from its roots. • For a given polynomial equation, find the number of complex roots and the possible number of real roots. • Find all of the complex zeros of a polynomial function. • Use the factorial function. • Find permutations. • Find combinations. • Including complex and 3 Hempfield School District Curriculum: Unit Template multiple roots, an nth degree polynomial equation has exactly n roots and the related polynomial function has exactly n zeros. • Solve real-world problems using permutations and combinations. • A permutation is an arrangement of items in which order matters. A combination is a selection of items that in which order does not matter. Stage 2: Assessment Evidence Assessments/Performance Tasks Rubric Titles Benchmark(s) for Course: Unit’s key Assessments Self-Assessments Other Evidence, Summarized Stage 3: Learning Activities 4 Hempfield School District Curriculum: Unit Template Differentiation: Readiness . Profile: Learning Styles / Multiple Intelligences Interest Accommodations for ELLs: 5