Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Study Guide to Body Systems Unit Test Use this study guide to help prepare for our test on December 14, 2016. Skeletal System Function/s: gives structural support protection provides shape stores minerals produces red and white blood cells Parts: Know: skull, clavicle, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, carpal, phalanges, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, fibula, tibia, femur, ulna, radius, elbow, humerus, scapula, mandible Interactions: Muscular System Muscles connect to your skeleton and they contract and move the skeleton along. Your skeletal system is made up of cartilage and calcified bone that work together. They help the process of movement happen in a smoother manner. Circulatory System The calcified bones of your skeleton also work with the circulatory system. Marrow inside of your bones helps produce the cells inside of you blood. Both red blood cells and white blood cells are created in your bones. Muscular System Function/s: produces movement provides stabilization generates heat pumps lymph The Three Different Types of Muscular Tissue Smooth - muscle you rarely control such as the muscle in digestive organs Cardiac - very specific tissue found in your heart Skeletal/Voluntary (striated muscle) - the muscle that helps you move and that you have control over Tendons connect your muscles to your bone at insertion points. Ligaments are batches of connective tissue that bind bones to each other. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments can be found working together in almost all of your joints. Integumentary System (skin) Function/s: reduces water loss, contains receptors that respond to touch, regulates body temperature, and protects the inside of the body from damage. Excretory System Function/s: To rid the body of liquid waste (urine) Urine is the result of the excretory system balancing the amount of water and salts in your body. Parts: Your kidneys are the core organs involved in the excretory system. Digestive System Function/s: getting food into the body, digesting the food absorbing the nutrients needed elimination of the materials not needed (feces) Once you put the food in your mouth, you start to chew and begin a process of mechanical digestion that grinds food down into a pulp. Your body also starts to release enzymes that start the process of chemical digestion and the breakdown of biological molecules. Most chemical digestion happens in the stomach. The food moves through your digestive system and is eventually broken down into compounds and nutrients that your small intestine can absorb into the blood stream. The material you don't absorb continues into the large intestine where water is removed from the material and then whatever is left can be eliminated at your convenience. Parts: Know: mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, rectum Circulatory (cardiovascular) Function: transportation system carries chemicals to all points in your body fluids also carry waste products and dissolved gases for your cells Parts: heart (four-chambers) the pump for the system vessels (intricate system of arteries and veins) As blood is pumped away from the heart, it passes through a system of arteries, arterioles, and then capillaries. The capillaries are the vessels that allow for most of the transfer of compounds and dissolved gases. Capillaries are very small and have thin walls to allow easier passage of compounds including nutrients, glucose, carbon dioxide, and waste products. After the capillaries, your blood passes through venules and veins. The veins lead the circulatory fluids back to the heart. That's it! The system is complete (and closed). Respiratory System Function/s: To bring oxygen into your body. To get rid of carbon dioxide, one of the products of cellular Respiration You have two lungs and the exchange of gases between the circulatory and respiratory systems happens in the lungs. Parts: Know: lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, larynx, trachea Nervous System Function: Major controlling, regulating, and communication center of actions and senses; known and unknown Your body automatically senses and reacts to stimulus. Think about eating your lunch. As you eat, your nervous system triggers the start of digestion and release of many hormones and enzymes throughout your body. Parts: Your nervous system is divided into two parts. Your central nervous system includes your brain and your spinal cord. Your peripheral nervous system is made up of the network of neurons that spans your organs, muscles, and body. The neurons in both systems work together to help you think, survive, and change the world around you. The nervous system is made up of billions of neurons connected throughout your body. These neurons are connected end to end and transmit electrical impulses from one point to another. Lymphatic/Immune System Function: microscopic armor that protects the cells of your body from bacteria, viruses, and poisons you might encounter every day The immune system is there to keep you alive and healthy. The system can attack foreign invaders or it can go after cells created within your body that could endanger your life. Sometimes cancer cells are the targets of our immune system. As pathogens attack your body, the immune system begins a series of immunological defenses. You know when your immune system is at work because of the symptoms you might have. Fever, swelling, and a runny nose are all examples of symptoms during an immunological response. Your immune system can respond many ways to a problem. There would be one response to a knife wound, a separate response to hay fever and pollen, and a specific response to catching a cold. Endocrine System Function: controls many of the biochemical pathways that occur in your body. The core tool used by the endocrine system is a compound called a hormone. Your body uses dozens of hormones to regulate your growth, digestion, body temperature, and glucose metabolism (to name a few). A hormone released by an endocrine gland can travel throughout the body and change the activity of cells from many other systems. The endocrine system is also unique in that it uses glands and cells within organs that are all closely related to other systems. The best description is to describe the endocrine system as the chemical brother of the nervous system. While the nervous system transmits information and instructions using electricity, the endocrine system transmits information with chemicals and biological chemical compounds.