Download Biology 393 Midterm Review

Biology 393 Midterm Review
Exam Date: Tuesday, February 1st 7:45 am-9:15 am
Chapter 1, 3, 36, 7, 8, 38, & 9
Format:
The test will consist of multiple choice, true/false, matching, and identification
questions. There will be information that you will have to graph.
What To Study:
Study all notes, old quizzes, and old tests as the midterm will most likely come from
them.
For columns 1 & 2 you need to
know exact vocabulary definitions
Column 1
Universal Law
Control group
Theory
Quantitative
Qualitative
SI
Biology
Cell
Homeostasis
Metabolism
Reproduction
Heredity
Evolution
Enzyme
Atom
Element
Compound
Molecule
Ion
Covalent Bond
Ionic Bond
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Organelle
Selectively permeable
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Equilibrium
Column 2
Concentration gradient
Diffusion
Osmosis
Sodium-postassium pump
Solutes
Solution
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Reflex
Membrane potential
Resting potential
Action potential
Threshold
Neurotransmitter
Sensory receptor
Nephron
Urea
Peristalsis
Villus
Digestion
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
anaerobic
aerobic
For columns 3 & 4 you need to know
function and be able to label on a diagram
Column 3
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Nucleus
Vesicle
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosome
Vacuole
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Phospholipid bilayer
receptor protein
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal lobe
Corpus Collasum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
Cell body
Sensory receptor
Column 4
Dendrite
Axon
Myelin sheath
Synapse
Neurotransmitter
ATP
Photosynthesis
Light Dependent
Reactions
Light Independent
Reactions
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Fermentation
Make sure you know the diagram of a:
 Plant & Animal Cell
 Phospholipid Bilayer
 Neuron
 Brain
 Nephron
 Digestive Pathway
Topics:
Chapter 1
 The scientific method – know the steps in order and what they mean
 2 Types of Data- Quantitative and Qualitative
 The Parts of a Controlled Experiment – including variables
 Different types of graphs: Line graph, bar graph, circle/pie graph - must be able to graph a line
graph
 Tools of the scientist – the SI system, know standard units Example: length- m
 The eight characteristics of life
Chapter 3
 Organization of matter
 Atomic structure- know subatomic particles location in the atom and charge
 Chemical bonding- Ionic and Covalent
Chapter 36 Digestive System & Excretory System
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The digestive system includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
and large intestine. Several accessory structures, including the salivary glands, the
pancreas (secretes several digestive enzymes into the small intestine), and the liver
(secretes bile, a greenish fluid that breaks down fats).
The function of the digestive system breaking down large food molecules into smaller
nutrients.
Two processes of digestion: mechanical and chemical
1. Mechanical: breaking food into smaller parts by ripping, churning
(physical change) begins in the mouth
2. Chemical: enzymes break bonds of food molecules (chemical change)
begins in the mouth
Absorption of nutrients through villi (fingerlike projections) of small intestine into blood
stream. Nutrients travel everywhere!
Water is absorbed in large intestine
Undigested material passes through rectum, and Leaves body through anus
Excretion Process by which metabolic wastes are eliminated
The organs of the excretory system are the skin, the lungs, liver, and the kidneys
There are three main tubes that enter or leave the kidney: renal artery(enter), renal
vein(leave), and ureter(leave)
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The kidneys play an important role in maintaining homeostasis. They regulate the water
content of the blood and, therefore, blood volume; maintain blood pH; and remove waste
products from the blood.
Nephron- Functional units of the kidney, each nephron is a small, independent processing
unit.
Nephrons have different parts: Glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, Loop of Henle,
Collecting duct
The process in which liquid is taken back into a vessel is called reabsorption
Chapter 7
 The scientists involved in the creation of the cell theory and what their contributions were
Example: Robert Hooke
 The 3 parts of the cell theory
 Characteristics ALL cells have in common
 Difference between prokaryote and eukaryote – characteristics
 Organelles and their functions- cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, ER,
lysosome, vacuole, golgi apparatus, ribosome, cell wall, etc.
Chapter 8
 Plasma membrane (cell membrane)pieces – phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates
Types of Cell Proteins- Surface- Marker Proteins, Receptor Proteins, Enzymes, Transport
Proteins
 Passive transport - diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis
 Active transport – sodium- potassium pump, endocytosis, exocytosis
 Passive transport vs. Active transport
Chapter 38
 Central nervous system vs. Peripheral nervous system
 Parts of the brain and their jobs
 How a reflex is unique in the nervous system
 How a nerve impulse is created – resting and action potential
 How neighbor nerve cells communicate – synaptic transmission
 Sensory Receptors for the 5 senses
Chapter 9 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Distinguish between autotrophs (make their own food) and heterotrophs (eat autotrophs and
other heterotrophs) and provide examples of each
Identify the three main parts of ATP
 Adenine, ribose sugar, and 3 phosphates
Explain how energy is released from ATP: when the bonds between the phosphates break
Distinguish among ATP, ADP, and AMP
Identify the reactants and products of photosynthesis
 Be familiar with the overall equation for photosynthesis
Identify the main components of a chloroplast
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Given a diagram of a chloroplast, identify the thylakoid, stroma, and
granum
Identify where the light dependent reactions take place in the chloroplast: thylakoid
membrane
Identify the reactants and products of the light dependent reactions: Products ATP,
NADPH, and oxygen
Know that the light independent reactions is also called the Calvin cycle
Identify where the light independent reactions take place in the chloroplast: stroma
Identify the reactants and products of the light independent reactions: Produce High Energy
sugars
Identify 3 factors that affect photosynthesis and explain how they affect photosynthesis:
amounts of water, temperature, and intensity of light
The process of anaerobic respiration-When does it occur? Why?
Difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
Glycolysis: reactants, products, location in organism
Alcoholic Fermentation by yeasts: reactants, products
Lactic Acid Fermentation: reactants, products
Everyday uses of alcoholic fermentation
Effects of lactic acid in muscle
The process of aerobic respiration
Glycolysis: location, reactants, products
Kreb cycle: location, reactants, products
Electron transport chain: location, reactants, products
Hints on test day:
Read ALL directions
Use a # 2 pencil
Start studying now
Bring something to do quietly after the test – there is no talking during test
day