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Taxonomy Terms Acoelomate -- Animal without a body cavity (e.g. flatworms) Autotroph- Organisms that can produce their own food Asexual – Reproduction that doesn’t involve the fusion of gametes Asymmetry – Body plan w/ irregular shape, can’t be divided into equal halves Bilateral – Body plan where organism can be divided down length into right & left halves Cell wall- Rigid structure outside plasma membrane in some cells Chlorophyll- Green photosynthetic pigment Cilia- Microscopic hairs used by cells for movement Coelom – Body cavity surrounded by mesoderm w/ digestive system & organs suspended Contractile vacuole- Storage organelle adapted to pump excess water out of cell Cytoplasm- Clear fluid in cells between membrane & nucleus Deuterostome – Animal whose anus develops from gastrula opening, includes fish to mammals Diploid- Cell with a pair of each chromosome (2n) Ectoderm – Outer cell layer in gastrula, develops into skin & nervous tissue Endoderm – Inner cell layer in gastrula, develops into digestive tract Endoskeleton – Internal skeleton in vertebrates Eukaryote- Cell with a nucleus & membrane-bound organelles Exoskeleton – Hard outer covering in some invertebrates (e.g. crabs & insects) External – Fertilization that occurs in the water when both egg & sperm have been released Flagella- Whip-like tail Gamete- Sex cells (egg or sperm) Genus- Taxonomic grouping of related species Haploid- Cell with a single copy of each chromosome (1n) Heterotroph- Organisms that must consume other organisms for food Hypertonic- Concentration of solutes is greater outside, water moves out Hypotonic- Concentration of solutes is less outside, water moves in Internal – Fertilization of egg by sperm inside an animal’s body Invertebrate – Animal lacking a backbone Kingdom- Largest taxonomic group of related phyla Meiosis- Cell division that create haploid cells Mesoderm – Middle cell layer in gastrula the develops into all other organs/tissues Mitosis- Cell division that creates identical copies of original cell Motile- Able to move Multicellular- Many-celled Mutualism- Symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit Nonmotile- Not able to move Parasitism- Symbiotic relationship, 1 org. benefits & the other is harmed Photosynthesis- Converting light energy into chemical energy Phylum- Taxonomic group of related classes Plasma membrane- Flexible, outer membrane of cells Prokaryote- Single-celled, no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Protostome – Animal whose mouth develops from gastrula opening Pseudocoelomate – Body cavity partly lined with mesoderm & filled with fluid Radial – Body plan that can be divided into equal halves along any plane through a central axis Sexual – Reproduction where haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote Species- Group of org. that can interbreed & produce viable offspring Unicellular- Single-celled Vertebrate – Animal with a backbone Zygote- Formed when egg & sperm meet during fertilization
