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Transcript
Heat From the outer core causes convection currents in the semi-liquid mantle. These currents cause the crust, floating on top of the mantle, to move. Earthquakes occur when rocks move along faults or cracks in the earth’s outer layers. Severe earthquakes happen when plates move past each other or towards each other. Sedimentary rocks are layers of tiny pieces of other rocks, or dead plants and animals, which gradually build up and become cemented together. Igneous rocks are made when hot melted material, called magma, bubbles up from the mantle and hardens. Metamorphic rocks are sedimentary or igneous changed by great heat and pressure. Without soil, life would be impossible as nothing can grow without it. Soil is the part of the Earth that lies between us and the solid bedrock. Pillars of the Earth These strange pillars are called hoodoos. They are formed because soft rock lies below hard rock. Downpours of rain wash away the softer rock, leaving pillars of harder rock above. Limestone pavement Limestone is a soft rock that is affected dramatically by rainwater. The slightly acid rainwater changes the limestone into a softer rock, which is washed away. Cracks get larger, and the ground becomes uneven. As water rushes from its source, in the highlands, down to the sea, it constantly picks up chunks of rock, sand, and mud along the way. It then deposits it elsewhere, changing the shape of land as it goes.