Download Chapter 25-27 Review

Chapter 25-27 Review Key
1. Industrial Revolution – What was it and what contributed to it?
The Industrial Revolution was the shift beginning in England during the 18th century,
from making goods by hand to making them by machine; new innovative ideas for
machines and mass production of goods helped to spur the Industrial Revolution
2. How did Britain keep industrial secrets from the US?
Britain forbade engineers, mechanics, and toolmakers to leave the country.
3. Britain’s economy in relation to industrialization
Industrialization brought many profits that permitted the British government to
invest in urban improvements. Also, a wealthy middle class of merchants,
shippers, and factory owners emerged and became more successful than the
aristocratic class.
4. Free-market system
An economic system that favors a free market unregulated by the government;
also known as a free economy; this idea was supported by Adam Smith
5. William Wilberforce – Who was he and what did he fight for?
William Wilberforce was a highly religious man who was a member of
Parliament who led the fight for abolition.
6. What was the effect of the Communist Manifesto?
Widespread revolts shook Europe during 1848 and 1849. It influenced
revolutionary leaders such as Mao Zedong of China, Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam,
V.I. Lenin of Russia, and Fidel Castro of Cuba.
7. People’s charter of 1838
The first demands presented by the Chartists to the Parliament in a pressure for
more rights for groups who still could not vote in Britain
8. Being a “dominion”
A nation in the British empire (such as Canada) allowed to govern its own
domestic affairs.
9. Why was Great Britain moving into Australia?
The prisons in Britain were severely overcrowded. To solve this problem, the
British government established a penal colony in Australia.
10. What was the Mexican Cession?
Mexico’s cession of its territories of California and Southwestern territory after
the war to the United States that helped the U.S. reach its modern-day size.
11. Why was there an Upper & Lower Canada?
Religious and cultural differences between the mostly Roman Catholic French
and the mainly Protestant English speaking colonists caused conflict in Canada. In
1792 the British Parliament tried to resolve both issues by creating two new
Canada provinces (Upper and Lower Canada).
12. American economy after the Civil War
No part of the American economy relied on slave labor any labor, especially with
the passing of the Emancipation Proclamation. The economy of the South was
shattered after the Civil war, but the United States as a whole experienced a
period of industrial expansion unmatched in history. The need for mass
production and distribution of goods during the Civil War greatly speeded
America’s industrialization.
13. What was most valuable of all Britain’s colonies/what was its nickname?
The most valuable of Britain’s colonies was India, and it was called the brightest
“jewel in the crown”.
14. Reasons for the Crimean War
Each generation of Russian czars launched a war on the Ottomans to try to gain
land on the Black Sea. In 1853, war broke out between the Russians and the
Ottomans. Britain and France wanted to prevent Russia from gaining control of
additional Ottoman ands, so they entered the war on the side of the Ottomans.
15. Results of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885
It was agreed that any European country could claim land in Africa by notifying
other nations of their claims and showing they could control the area. The
European nations divided the rest of the continent with the little thought to how
African ethnic or linguistic groups were distributed.
16. Hawaii annexation to the United States – why?
Some U.S. business leaders pushed for annexation of Hawaii so that Hawaiian
sugar could be sold for greater profits because American producers got an extra
two cents a pound from the U.S. government.
17. Egypt & Britain’s situation with the Suez Canal
The Suez canal was a manmade waterway that cut through the Isthmus of Suez
and was built mainly with French money and Egyptian labor. It was built as part
of Isma’il’s modernization efforts. However, Egypt found out that it could not
afford to pay its European bankers, so the British insisted on overseeing financial
control of the canal, and in 1882 the British occupied Egypt. The Suez Canal
allowed British quicker access to its colonies in Asia and Africa.
18. Who overthrew Queen Liliuokalani and why?
A group of American businessmen hatched a plot to remove Hawaiian monarchy
and removed Queen Liluokalani from power in 1893. This was done to prevent the
queen from forming a new constitution that would increase her power and restore the
political power of Hawaiians at the expense of wealthy planters.
19. Hausa-Fulani and Igbo.Yorba styles of government in Nigeria
These were the three largest groups in Nigeria. The groups in the area claimed by
Britain were different from each other in many ways including language, culture,
and religion. The Hausa-Fulani people of the north were Muslim and were
accustomed to a strong central government. The Igbo and Yoruba peoples relied
on local chiefs or governing councils for control. The Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba
were traditional enemies.
20. Result of the Sepoy Mutiny
Fierce fighting took place. Both the British and sepoys tried to slaughter each
other’s armies. The East India Company took more than a year to regain control
of the country. The British government sent troops to help them. As a result of the
mutiny, in 1858, the British government took direct command of India.
21. Maji Maji Rebellion and belief of magic water
Africans in German East Africa put their faith in a spiritual defense. African
villagers resisted the Germans’ insistence that they plant cotton. In 1905, a belief
suddenly arose that a magic water (maji maji) sprinkled on their bodies would
turn the German’s bullets into water. When resistance fighters armed with spears
and protected by the magic water attacked a German machine-gun post, they were
moved down by the thousands.
22. Why did nations want land near the Pacific Rim?
Western nations desired the Pacific Rim lands for their strategic location along the
sea route to China. Westerners also recognized the value of the Pacific colonies as
sources of tropical agriculture, minerals, and oil.
23. Dutch settlers were known as?
Boers
24. Social Darwinism & European Imperialists
Charles Darwin’s ideas about survival of the fittest were applied economics. It
matched European Imperialist beliefs that because the Europeans were more
advanced and suited, they were superior and thus “more fit” than the lands they
dominated.
25. Boer war – who? What? Where?
Who: The Dutch Boers Versus the British
What: a war that began between the British and Boers because the Boers blamed the
British for an attempted rebellion against them
Where: in southern Africa (Boer republics)
26. Great Trek
A migration of Dutch colonists out of the British-controlled territory in South
Africa during the 1830s.